Z 56 
.D427 
Copy 2 


FT MEADE 
GenCol1 


Pis. 1-8 



” s • • 


-S> VC- ,'aVa*. 

■<u* • Am« ^ < 



• a« ww - •*■ o 

• 4 O 

• ° 4S ** 

°o *.^T’\o° ^ v^r^y 1 °o * 

o sr **’•'♦ > v> **•?* c\ 

° - \f*v « bp <3 

* v & a ** v*2B5Sv v 

** r'^*. *% f .°* ‘iL*% °, ,-»•* •■" 



^O* 



* / 1 


c 

s 
o 

• <5 °x. : 

o'* 

■.V’*v .--..v , 

*'* ^ *♦ .vsfcfc*. \/ : 

* <? bb 

G V ^ *^T* <\ <V ,0 

o v c°- ^o ^ .*'•* <*#> ,o v c°" ( 







*a 0 « 


%, x **^bsi'- ^ ^ 



X^ «T ^’AVwy * V 

■* ^NjV 5- * • <1 • o * 

^ *' * ° \? °4. * • ■ ■ 

-> V * ’ * ° ~ O. 

* ^ 



ip^ 

X- ^ 

0^°', • *, %>' 

• •■ ■*. x **^ifei'. ^ A * -wa. ** 















o o* 

' k. > 

rO ** « <1 ► O * 

v. • •»° 0 . v - 

** c * 

#fc \*+ / 


p > r’V -% 

♦ nv ^ 

• fN ^ & * 

"’ v ... *>. 





„ - .* n 0 
. ^ ^ ' 1 ’ A 0 

% W .-VSfe\ :’ • < 



<V> 

* V 

v <, •'?.:•* .o'*- ^ . 

^ - ■.^ • ^ c° . aa *. ° 0 a 4, . 

N * JPriT/7?2- - ^ . \x5o0vttv* V ^ .N + 




K'« ' W V --* 

V"V 

jy* % 

.0 ^ 


> • h 



A 0 


4 O 



> l V v( 

* o *V - 

A° »‘VL% > 

^ /T V 

° '■% s s 

* 4* % °o . 

A ''^-*‘ ^ 
>T / — - • * 



0 


A-o 4 



V 

° ^ 


> ^ 


o * 0 * ^ o>' o ** 

v*. ■ ’ • A® *, * • »« N v A 

- cv ,0 „ * * ’ '^ A> V « ’ * °- cv 

* ** A*» ^ C, * 

: W 


. ^ % 

* <L V r^ v '^X'Vjf* * 

% '••** A° . \ ' ••>' ^ 

*’•- ^ , 0 V o°V^ o ^ 








V 

v s s * • A "> 

A 'jrfip^-. « 






























PATENT APPLIED FOR 


While copyright protects all the copyrightable component 
parts of this work against all unlawful use of its composition, 
illustrations and methods, yet to insure further protection, 
patent has been applied for. Said patent application con¬ 
tains specifications of seventeen specific claims covering every 
important feature of the system and methods of arrangement, 
including: the individual alphabetic characters and composite 
outlines as representing respective letters or sound combina¬ 
tions of the language; the method of producing the combina¬ 
tions by joining a straight line and a curve, forming a tangent 
curve; the use of the five pointed star as diagrammatically 
illustrating the principles; the use of the words “ tangent ” 
and “ tangential ” as applied to the name and the principles; 
the method of arranging words in marginal columns, and 
placing the shorthand characters immediately following the 
left hand column, and placing the shorthand characters 
immediately preceding the right hand column, and the 
accents forming another column near the center; the 
method of tabulating the language, that is, by placing the 
words of one element which form the grammatical com¬ 
binations of the language in a marginal column, and the 
words of another element at the top or bottom and placing 
the shorthand outlines representing the combination at the 
intersection point of the (real or imaginary) horizontal and 
vertical lines; the proportionate shape and size of the 
book as applied to shorthand and other books consti¬ 
tuting the shorthand and commercial series. 

ORVILLE U. DESHA, Inventor. 


THE DESHA PUBLISHING CO. 

Fort Collins, Colorado 




DESHA 

TANGENT 

SHORTHAND 


COPYRIGHT 1912 BY ORVILLE U. DESHA 


LESSON 1 

SECTION I 


Alphabetic Presentation 

CONSONANT OUTLINES. 

1. Formation.—The visible outline repre¬ 
senting each letter, or sound, has a specific for¬ 
mation and is thus distinguished one from the 
other. The relative length, direction made, 
straightness, or convexity of line, are the four 
modes of distinction, and should be carefully 
observed by the student in forming the char¬ 
acters to insure legibility in reading. 

The modes of distinction, relative propor¬ 
tion, formation, and the letters or sounds certain 
characters represent, may be observed from the 
illustration page 2. The length of the character 
is determined by a standard called a “unit.” 
A unit is the shortest line or curve used in the 
system, triple-unit is the longest. Only unit 
and double-unit circles and half-circles are em¬ 
ployed. The actual length of a unit as to 
standard measurement varies according to the 
style of the individual writer. 

Remark—A short stroke may be made more rapidly 
than a long one; hence, the student should strive for the 




2 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


smallest notes possible. It is for this reason in construct¬ 
ing the system, the larger number of the unit characters 
and a few of the double-unit characters were reserved to 
represent combinations of sounds, while some of the triple¬ 
units were assigned infrequent letters. This careful allot¬ 
ment of the characters adds to the speed efficiency of the 
system. 

Note.—T he asterisk (*) indicates that the characters 
have been omitted from the illustration, to be introduced 
in a succeeding section. Arrows at top of columns indicate 
the movements with which the characters are made. 


Up. 

UNITS. 

Down. 

Horizontal. 


/ 

- 

* ^ 

* / 

R - 


* / 

* — 

* 

th ; 

i. 

N - 


DOUBLE-UNITS. 


G 

P 


L / 

v y 


K 

T 

M 


TRIPLE-UNITS. 


* 




* 




D 


* 




2. Sound values. —It must be understood 
that each character has certain sound values. 
G in gain is given the hard sound, and is repre¬ 
sented by the upward curve, pronounced gay. 
The soft sound of G as in gill and J in jam have 
the same sound, and are represented by the 
downward curve, pronounced jay. The sound 
of C as in cat has the same sound as K, hence 
these two letters are represented by the same 
character, pronounced kay. In shorthand, there¬ 
fore, words are spelled by sound. The combi¬ 
nation TH is pronounced 1th. 

2 a. The student should practice writing all 
the characters presented in the following plate 
until they can be written from dictation with¬ 
out the slightest hesitation. 

gCI,A320832 








PART I. ALPHABETIC PRESENTATION. 3 


R 

K 

N 

M 

/ 

T 

D 

J 

Til 

J 

v 

J 

F 

/ 

L 

/ 

B 

/ 

J 







G 

p 

<7 

A 

/O 

0 

o 

E 

0 

U 


TANGENTIAL VOWELS. 

3. One unique feature of this system is to 
join all the vowels to a preceding or following 
character without an angle. This accounts for 
the new term ‘'Tangential Vowel”. The speed 
efficiency of a connective vowel system is deter¬ 
mined by the facile manner the vowel joins, 
without requiring an extra stroke of the pen. 
Each of the consonant and aspirate vocals of 
the language are produced with only one effort 
of the pen. 

3a. A Consonant-Vocal is a combination of a consonant 
and a vowel, as ra, ad, etc. An Aspirate-Vocal is a com¬ 
bination of an aspirate and a vowel, as ka, pa, etc. Con¬ 
sonant-Vocals and Aspirate-Vocals are of two classes: 
Regular and Transposed. Consonants appear first in the 
Regular form, as da, ma, and last in the Transposed form, 
as ad, am. 

Remark 1—Write the list (3b) a great many times. 
The characters represent a combination of the marginal 
letter followed by the vowel at the top of the plate, as 
la, lo, le, li, etc., and should be pronounced in practicing. 
Write this and succeeding plates both ways: 1. From left 
to right and 2. from top to bottom, observing carefully the 
movement, formation, relative length and size of the char¬ 
acters. 

Remark 2—Lineal characters govern the movement 
with which the vowels are made, hence it will be observed 
that circles appear on the inside of curves. 

Remark 3—At the end of downward strokes, half¬ 
circles appear to the right in order to provide a joining 
for a following character. 

t A few of the aspirates are assigned lineal characters, 
and are given in connection with the consonants, in their 
unit, double and triple-unit order. 









4 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


36. 

A 

0 

UNITS. 

E 

I 

u 

L 

L 

6 

o/ 

J 

of 

+TH 


c 

o> 

J 

d 

N 


- 

— p 

-P 

^S) 

R 







DOUBLE-UNITS. 


M 


+T 


+K 


P 

B / 

V J 


^ ^ ^ ^ 

/O 

/</</</ 

i J J J 

TRIPLE-UNITS, 


/ ( C ( 
tF l l J J 1 J 


D D 5 o o -o 

VOCALIZING. 

4. Diacritical Marks.—While the English 
alphabet contains only twenty-six characters to 
represent forty-four elementary sounds, extra 
duties must be put upon the vowels, therefore, 
all the vowels have a variety of sounds, which 
leads to the necessity of indicating the pronun¬ 
ciation of words by diacritical marks in order 
to denote the true value of a character. A 
simple method of diacritical marking is intro¬ 
duced in this section. 







PART I. ALPHABETIC PRESENTATION. 5 

Remark —As in longhand writing, the diacritical marks 
are seldom used in practical writing. When used they 
enable the writer to indicate with precision the exact 
vowel sounds in unfamiliar words. They are introduced 
in the following exercises to give facility in applying them, 
but in writing sentences they are omitted. 

4(7. Guide to vocalizing.— The short sound 
of a, as heard in can, is represented by the 
double-unit half-circle; a dot beneath the char¬ 
acter indicates the medium vowel sound, as in 
car, calm; a tick or short stroke indicates the 
long sound, as in game, age. 


a 


k a t 


cat 

a 

<7 

k a m 

"7— 

calm 

a 

y~t 

a j 

F 

age 


4b. The short sound of o, as heard in rot, 
odd, is represented by the unit half-circle; a 
dot placed beneath indicates aw, or au as heard 
in jaw, cause; and a short stroke indicates the 
long sound, as in mode, low. 


6 

* 

5 n 


on 

aw, au 


p aw n 

— 

pawn 

o 

*7 

bon 

z 

bone 


4 c. The unit circle represents the short 
sound of 1 or y(I) as heard in kid, ready y(l). 
A dot beneath the circle indicates the short 
sound of e, as heard in den; a tick or stroke 
beneath the circle indicates e, as in team. 


i,y(i) ° 

k l t y (l) ^ 

kitty 

e ? 

ten —p-" 

ten 

e ? 

ten —«—- 

teen 


4d. The short sound of u, as heard in hut 
and rut, is represented by a double-unit circle; 
a dot beneath indicates the sound of oo as in 





6 DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 

hook, hood; and a stroke indicates the long 
sound of 55, as in food and shoot. 


u 

o 

k 

u p 

—tr 

cup 

66 

9 

b 

66 k 

A 

book 

66 

o 

/ 

6 

66 t 

A 

/ 

boot 


5. JOINING YOAYELS. 

Remark—A s you practice writing the following short¬ 
hand outlines, learning the vowel joinings, do not fail to 
insert in your notes the diacritical marks according to 
“Guide to Vocalizing.” 


(1) Joining Circles. 

5a. When joined to straight lines, the circle 
is written in the same direction as the hands 
of a clock move. 


eat 

•- 

e t 

e l 


7 

due 

-D 

d u 

l e 


A 

deed 


d e 

d 

cr" 



u p 



peep 


p e 

p u 

V 

P 



eel 


lee 

up 


pup 


5 b. When joined to a single curve, the cir¬ 
cle is turned on the concave side of the curve. 


ear 

o x 

e r 

e 9 


egg 

eke 

— 

e k 

* f 

J 

if 

key 

— 

k e 
e j 

r 

edge 

me 


m c 

f u 

j 

few 


5c. Between two characters forming an 
angle, the circle is written on the point of the 
angle. 

men 

mean — d d k —_ deck 


kick 


k i k 
m e t 


meat 





PART I. ALPHABETIC PRESENTATION. 7 


keg 

tip 

pit 

pig 

cup 


e g 
l d 


kid 

t p 

e g 

s- 

beg 

t t 

i g 

> 

fig 

i g 

u f 

y 

buff 

u p 
u j 


budge 


5 d. Appearing between reverse curves, the 
circle is turned on the convex side of the first 
curve. 


ream 


r e m 
nek 


neck 


merry 

mere 


m e r y (i) 
m e k 

m e r 
ken 


fudge 


f u j 
gun 


meek 

ken 

gun 


5c. Between an oblique curve and straight 
line or curve, the circle is turned on the outside. 


jip 

A 

j i p 
d u v 


dove 

jug 

jig 


jug 
t t f 
jig 
jut 


tiff 

jute 


(2) Joining Half Circles. 

5/. At the beginning of a word, the half¬ 
circle is written in the same direction as the 
hands of a clock move. 


ache 


a k 



6 k 


ape 


d p 

d k m e 

d d 


add 

c 

6 n 

^^ 

ail 

7 

d l 

d m 


age 

/ 

d j 
d n u 



oak 

acme 

on 

aim 

anew 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


5 g. At the end of a downward character, 
the half-circle forms a tangent hook turned to 
the right. 

jay 

/ j Cl 

^ jo 

/ 

Joe 

bay 

/ b a 

L’ bo 

/ 

bow 

lay 

, l Ci 

l 6 

i 

low 

foe 

J f 6 

<? th 6 

t 

tho 

5 h. 

Between two characters, the half-circle 


forms a hook tangent to the first character. 


rake 

^—• 

take 

— 

tame 

— 

calf 


rove 


date 

—a. 

bone 

L 


r a k 
g a n 


gain 


t a k 
k a m 


came 


tarn gate 

gat ' 


k a f 
pat 

r 6 v 
map 

d a t 
tan 

bon 
n a t 



f° am 2— { ? m / lodge 

l o j y 

5/. Between two characters of opposite 
convexity, the half-circle is joined tangent to 
both characters. 


fog 

lr 

fog 
g a j 

s? 

gauge 

bag 

ls~ 

bag 

jog 


jog 

fag 


fag 
d 6 j 


dodge 


5/. (1) By referring to 3b. it will be noted 

that at the end of a stroke the half-circle forms 
a tangent hook turned on the inside of an up¬ 
ward or horizontal curve and (2) on the under¬ 
side of an upward or horizontal straight stroke. 


9 


PART I. ALPHABETIC PRESENTATION. 






10 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


SECTION 2 

SIMPLE WORD-FORMS. 

6. Written and spoken language is made 
up largely of a repetition of a few simple words. 
It is computed that close to one hundred of 
these words comprise about one-half of the ordi¬ 
nary language. Brief forms are provided in all 
systems of shorthand for such words. The stu¬ 
dent should commit to memory the list given 
below before proceeding further. 


he 

o 

can - — 

I 

o 

would - 

of 

n 

too, two -o 

the 

J 

put 

they 

d 

have y 

came 


give 

them 

— 

gave 


PHRASE-WRITING. 


7. A phrase, as used in shorthand, is two or 
more words joined for the purpose of facilitat¬ 
ing speed. By joining simple words, great speed 
in shorthand writing may be acquired. The 
theory is that each pen-lift is equal to a stroke, 
and therefore every word joined saves the time 
required in making a character. Phrase-writing 
should be acquired from the beginning, as it is 
difficult to accomplish if deferred until the stu¬ 
dent has formed a habit of writing common 
words separately. 


Remark— There are two classes of word-forms viz 
circle and ‘‘lineal.” In joining the sign of one class to 
that of the other, unless otherwise indicated, the rule for 
joining vowels must be observed. 


of the 7 


he can 


of them 


can he 



PART I. ALPHABETIC PRESENTATION. 11 


I can 

e ~'- 

he gave 


he came 

<^> 

I know 


if you would 

J- 

I may 


he put 

s' 

I put 


they put 

s' 

they would 

s _- 


8. Words spell phrases as letters spell 
words, simple word-forms, therefore, are as 
important to phrases as the vowels are to words. 
Like vowels, each with its varied sounds to in¬ 
dicate the correct pronunciation of words, a few 
shorthand characters are assigned two and 
sometimes three simple words. As the sign 
usually represents words of different elements 
of the language, they are never confused 
as the reading must make sense. Therefore, 
one familiar with shorthand reading has no 
more difficulty in ‘‘pronouncing ’’ the phrase 
than he has reading words containing the same 
vowel, yet of different sounds. Phrases that 
may slightly resemble ordinary words are rec¬ 
ognized in like manner, commonly termed 4 ‘the 
context”. 

Commit to memory the word-forms given 
below before proceeding further. 


you, your 

o 

at, it *to — 



in not _ 

are, our 

" ’ 


go, good 


am, more ,__ 

well, will 

/ 

than, then 

a, an 

. 

far, for, favor y/ 



be, but, by 


* In a few phrases, like to-put, to-go, to-keep, etc., it 
may be found more convenient to insert the circle for U, 
thereby spelling the word “to" out. 


SCIENTIFIC-PHRASING. 

9. The language is composed of certain 
“elements” or classes of words, such as “con¬ 
junctions”, “adjectives”, “nouns”, “pro- 


12 DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 

nouns”, etc., and a grammatical phrase is made 
up of words from the elements which must be 
read together to show their meaning in a sen¬ 
tence. 

The elements, or classes, are composed of a 
variety of words, the “pronouns” I, we, you, 
he, it, she, and they, constituting the most com¬ 
mon class. 

The elementary words are always uttered 
in conjunction with other root words of the 
phrase, as I can, he can, or can you, can he, 
can they, etc. While there are a multitude of 
similar elementary combinations, yet their fre¬ 
quent utterance as a grammatical phrase or 
“sound-blend” has evolved the language into 
a harmonious rhythm of speech. 

Hence, by joining the shorthand characters 
representing the elementary words to a preced¬ 
ing or following sound, in harmony with the 
rhythm of the language, constitutes SCIEN¬ 
TIFIC PHRASE-SPELLING. 

Remark —With this wonderful tangential vowel sys¬ 
tem, and the continuous lineal character and free move¬ 
ment of the writing, there is no limit to the practical 
application of SCIENTIFIC PHRASING. 

Write the following “pronoun phrases” a 
great many times. 


I can 
you can 

he can 


they can 


it will 
he will 
I have 
you have 

they have 


“7 

; 

1 


can you 


can he 
can they 


I would cr 
you would cr 
he would a~ 
they would <h 
you will 

they will 
I am 

you are 


/ 

t 

<T^ 


they are ^ 
will you J 

will he J 

will they t 





PART I. ALPHABETIC PRESENTATION. 13 


9a. The above SCIENTIFIC PHRASING 
principle may be applied almost indefinitely to 
three or more word phrases in the following 
manner: 


I can not 
you can not 
he can not 
they can not 


it will not 
you can put 
he can put 
they can put 


~L 


I would not 

c 

you would not 

*— 

he would not 


they would not 

—- 

I have not 

2. 

you have not 


they have not 

i. 

they are not 



9&. Phrases like can you, will he, would he, 
would you, are often followed by a class of 
words denoting action, or state, forming many 
expressions as, can you go, will he go, would he 
put, etc. When possible, such grammatical ex¬ 
pressions should always be phrased. 


can you go 
can he go 


can you be 
would you put 
will they put 


"7 


can you give 
can he give 
would you not 
would he put 
would they put 




9 c. In spoken language, the word “the” is 
nearly always uttered before nouns, as, the coat, 
the gate, the mill, etc., or is used as an initial 
modifier of other words, hence when convenient, 
SCIENTIFIC PHRASING may be applied to 
blend “the” with the modified word or noun in 
the following manner: 



14 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


the good 
the gate 
the key 
the dog 


the meat 

the cat 
the net 

the duck 


9 d. Prepositions, such as, at, of, to, by, for, 
and from, when uttered in a sentence form 
“ sound-blends’ hence, when convenient, 
should be phrased with a following word. 


at me 

—, 

to go 

-*r 

of our 

— 

of them 


for our 

Z 

from them 


by our 

u 

to our 



9c. Write the following phrases a great 
many times. In forming the combination, the 
word indicated by is read first. 



any 

them 

me 

more 

of 



— 

— 

by 

Z 

Zl 

Z^ 

Z_ 

for 



zZ 


from 

^_ -Vo 



z_ 

9 f. 

By the 

co-application of 

the last two 


principles, many three-word “sound blends’’ 
may be obtained. 


at the gate 
of the good 


to the deck 


by the gate 

for the deed _ 

from the good 


PART I. ALPHABETIC PRESENTATION. 15 

Remark —When the system provides a facile joining, 
it is permissible to vary from the grammatical euphony, 
and the modified word or noun separated, when special 
forms for such phrases as of the, by the, for the, etc., are 
preferred. 


10. PUNCTUATION MARKS. 


Period 


L 


Paragraph 

> 

Interrogation x 

Quotation 

Parenthesis 

/ / 

Capital 

ft 

Dash __ 

Hyphen 

o 

Underscore ^ _ 

Tie Bar 

- . 

Repetition = 

Hissing 

f 


11. Sentences.— If the student has mastered 
the alphabet, understands the rules for joining 
vowels, and if familiar with the foregoing “sci¬ 
entific phrasing” principles, he is now ready to 
proceed writing sentences. 

Write the following exercise in shorthand a 
great many times. Compare your first copy 
with the shorthand notes below in order that 
you may not accpiire the habit of forming incor¬ 
rect outlines. 

Remark —In the following examples the hyphens (-) 
between the words indicate the grammatical groups to 
be written without lifting the pen. In conformity with 
scientific phrasing, as the student progresses he may, 
however, use his own judgment in joining such other out¬ 
lines as conveniently join, but do not attempt the pictur¬ 
esque combinations which are never used in the exigency 
of actual note-taking. 


WRITING DRILL. 

11a. I can not eat the raw meat. Can-you- 
give me the kettle ? I can not get the ticket at 
the gate. Can you read the note? Minnie 
may go to the cave. Eddie may not be ready. 
I am not at the deep well. Kate bought a neat 
red coat. It will not eat the good food. Can 
you give me an hour to go eat? Be good to 
the dog. Can-you-give me the note? 





16 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


READING EXERCISE. 

11&. The first half of this page illustrates 
how the previous writing drill appears when 
all the words are disjoined. The last half 
shows how Scientific Phrasing may be applied. 
Read both plates a great many times, then use 
only the last half page for speed dictation. 




o 






' ^7 ' 


/ 


-ea- 


S7 


J - / 


A . 


- / 


O 




lie. Same matter phrased. 


j 




O" 


"D 




A . 


/ 





A' 

















OCT 8 1912 




\v % U % >3 • 


PROGRESSIVE 

LESSONS 


: in : 



c Tangent 

o H©g^^ Np 


LESSON 2 

















PATENT APPLIED FOR 


While copyright protects all the copyrightable component 
parts ol this work against all unlawful use of its composition, 
illustrations and methods, yet to insure further protection, 
patent has been applied for. Said patent application con¬ 
tains specifications of seventeen specific claims covering every 
important feature of the system and methods of arrangement, 
including: the individual alphabetic characters and composite 
outlines as representing respective letters or sound combina¬ 
tions of the language; the method of producing the combina¬ 
tions by joining a straight line and a curve, forming a tangent 
curve; the use of the five pointed star as diagrammatically 
illustrating the principles; the use of the words “ tangent ” 
and “ tangential ” as applied to the name and the principles; 
the method of arranging words in marginal columns, and 
placing the shorthand characters immediately following the 
left hand column, and placing the shorthand characters 
immediately preceding the right hand column, and the 
accents forming another column near the center; the 
method of tabulating the language, that is, by placing the 
words of one element which form the grammatical com¬ 
binations of the language in a marginal column, and the 
words of another element at the top or bottom and placing 
the shorthand outlines representing the combination at the 
intersection point of the (real or imaginary) horizontal and 
vertical lines; the proportionate shape and size of the 
book as applied to shorthand and other books consti¬ 
tuting the shorthand and commercial series. 

ORVILLE U. DESHA, Inventor. 


THE DESHA PUBLISHING CO. 

Fort Collins, Colorado 


£ Cl. A 3 2 o 8 3 a 




PART I. ALPHABETIC PRESENTATION. 17 


LESSON 2 

Copyright 1912 by Orville U. Desha. 


SECTION 3 


s. 

12. The aspirate sound S, including its soft 
c sound, and its modified consonant forms X 
and Z, produces a peculiar variety of consonant, 
aspirate and vocal coalescents unequaled by 
any other aspirate or consonant sound of the 
language. 

The inability to assign a single character to express 
the important aspirate S, and at the same time provide a 
suitable joining to the preceding or following character in 
producing its multitude of vocal, consonant and aspirate 
combinations, has thrown many previous systems into 
complete confusion. 

Tangential Aspirate-Vocals. 

Projecting from the marvelous star tangent circle, the 
inventor procures an odd character to represent the im¬ 
portant and frequent sound of S, and by a simple yet 
scientific principle joins all the aspirate vocals SA, SO, SE, 
SI, SU and transposed AS, OS, ES, IS, US, to a preceding 
or a following character in a tangential manner without 
an angle. This is doubtless one of the most wonderful 
and useful tangential inventions of the system. 

Diagrammatic Illustration. 

By referring again to the star pentagon and tangent 
circle, it will be observed that a little short line projects 
from the tangent circle to the pentagon angle. This little 
short line represents the letter S and is christened “the 
Soid” See Fig. a63. The tangent circle representing the 
circle vowel is turned in order that the Soid may have a 
vertical inclination giving to the S an odd, yet distinct 
character. See Fig. b63. 

THE • SYAR /\ 


PENTAGON '. SOID 




S-aspirate-vocals. 

13. An S-aspirate vocal is a combination of 
S with a vowel to represent one sound. 

(1) Circles are joined to the soid in the 
usual manner, but it is found more convenient 
to form a sharp point of the half-circles to form 
their respective S-aspirate vocals. 

(2) The half-circle S-aspirate vocals may be 
joined to a following or preceding character in 
a tangent manner by one stroke of the pen, 






18 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


observing carefully that the Soicl retains its 
vertical inclination. 

Remark —There are unit and double-unit pointed half¬ 
circles to correspond with the respective half-circles. 


o 

d 

d 

9 

9 

q 

E 

SE 

SU 

EX 

IS 

us 

Si 

yy 

1/ 


y 

\y 

A 

AS 

SA 

0 

OS 

SO 



l/ 

Z 7 

X" 


PA 

PAS 

SAP 

PO 

POS 

SOP 


Joining the Soid. 


14. The lineal character governs the join¬ 
ing of the vowel, hence, when following or pre¬ 
ceding a circle, the Soid is written tangent to 
the circle observing the rule for joining the 
vowel. 

Remark —A number of words are composed of the 
same letters, the first and last letters being transposed to 
form a different word, as S-E-K = seek, or K-E-S=keys, the 
vowel retaining the same position in the word, hence, the 
transposed S-aspirate-vocals usually occur at the end of 
short words. 


(WORDS) 


(regular) 

(transposed) 


(words) 


sue 


d 


SU 

US 


q us 


seek 

said 


SEE 

KES "— b ke ^ s 

SED 

DES - d ee’s 


Sim 


set 

seen 


SIM 


miss 

MIS 

' - e 

SET 



TES 

— b 

tease 

SEN 

NES 


knees 


14a. It should be remembered that half¬ 
circle S-aspirate vocals join a following or pre¬ 
ceding character in a tangent manner by only 
one stroke of the pen, observing carefully that 
the Soid retains its vertical inclination. 


sack 


SAK 

KAS 


case 


sad 


SAD 

DAS T da ^ s 


same 


SAM 

MAS 


mass 





PART I. ALPHABETIC PRESENTATION. 19 

sag 


SAG 

GAS 


gas 

soak 

— 

SOK 

KauS 

— 

cause 

sot 

— 

SOT 

TOS 

—. 

toss 

sod 


SOD 

DOS 


dose 



' 

psalm 

— 

SOM 

MOS 

— < 

Moze 

14 b. When preceded or followed by a 
downward character, the circle and half-circle 
S-aspirate vocals join in the following manner: 

seal 

/ 

s e l 
b e s 

/ 

bees 

siege 


s e j 

S l V 

s 

sieve 

sage 

r 

s a j 
l aw s 

/■ 

laws 

sob 

/ 

sob 
b aw s 

/ 

boss 

safe 

y 

s a f 
v d s 

/ 

vase 

face 


fas 

Ids 


lace 


14c. When preceded by a half-circle vowel, 
SeS may be designated by turning the Soid on 
the outside of the half-circle. 


masses 


m a ses 

k a ses cases 


possesses 


p 6 ses s 

r a ses races 


14ri. In the body of a word, when more 
convenient, the Soid for S or SeS may be formed 
by the “Retracing Principle” in the following 
manner: 


passage 

p d ses j 

( pa ses v / 

passive 


Jc ass n 


caisson 

— p 6 ses v 

possessive 

14c. In practical writing, the Soid also rep- 


resents the letter X, but when desired X may be 
indicated by writing the Soid slightly longer. 
In words beginning with EX, when followed by 





20 DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 

another vowel, E may be implied and the EX 
expressed by the Xoid. 


exit 


X i t 

mix 

'—r 

mix 

Rex 


Rex 

vex 


vex 


14/. Z is expressed by the same sign for X 
in practical writing, but a dot marks the dis¬ 
tinction when desired. 


fuss 

c/ 

f ii s 
f u z 


fuse 

buss 

of 

bus 

buz 

/ 

buzz 

fix 


fix 

9 a z 

/<? 

gaze 


14 g. In such words as tax. lax, Max, etc., 
half-circle S-aspirate-vocals may be expressed 
in the following manner: 


tax — 


tax 

Max 

—' 1 

Max 

lax | 

/ 

lax 
n 6 x 


knocks 

15. 

SIMPLE WORDS. 


any 

—o 


only* 

— 

so 

V 


one 

CL, 

say-s 

V 


name 


some 



every 

) 

those 

r' 


very 

J 

thus 

cj 


never 

y 

whether 

5 


business 

/ 

tho 

i 


jury 

dr 


* Ly may be indicated by forming a loop of the circle 
vowel. 


PART I. ALPHABETIC PRESENTATION. 21 


15a. As previously stated, one sign may 
represent two words of different elements of 
the language without confusion in reading. 


Write in shorthand the 

following list a great 

many times: 



as, has ■ 

several-ly 

r 

is, his <j 

suggest-ion 

y 


from, form. 

A- 

this, these * 

firm 

cause, because -—* 

arrange-ment 

<rr> 

company „—^ 

refer-ence 

y 

gentlemen-an 

govern-ment 



SCIENTIFIC PHRASING. 

16. As previously instructed, prepositions 
should join a following character. 

Write in shorthand the following combina¬ 
tions a great many times: 


^ of 

by 

for 

from 

his 

/ 

y 


some - 

/U 

-y- 


those p 

/ 

/ 


this cp 

/ 

y 7 



17. Conjunctions usually form “sound- 
blends” with a following word, hence, when 
possible should phrase. The word “than” is 
a grammatical exception and therefore may 
phrase "with a preceding word. 


for 


for I will 


y 


if you are 


as 


as it 


J 


22 DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


but 

/ 

but it /- 

than 


more than ^ 

tho 

6 

tho it 0 _ 

whether 

J 

whether you are ^ 


17a. Write in shorthand the following com¬ 
binations a great many times: 


Read ef 

if 

as 

for 

but 

whether 

first 

he 

J 

d 

J 

y 

o? 

it 

J 

L _ 

j. 

z. 



17 b. Scientific Phrase Building. —By affix¬ 
ing the following words to each of the above 
combinations, sixty three-word phrases may be 
formed. Try it, and write a great many times. 


-goes 

s* 

-is 

9 

-does 


-has 

1 

-will 

/ 

-may 

- 

17c. if 

as 

for but 

whether 

i 2 

i 

/ / 

t> 

you cJ 

d 

J </ 

c? 

they ^ 

b 

A / 

J 


17 cl. Scientific Phrase Building. —Affix the 
following words to each of the above combina¬ 
tions forming three-word phrases and write a 
great many times. 


-go 


-ought c— 


-do 


-may 


18. Prefix the prepositions, at, of, to, by, 
for, and from, to each of the following phrases 


PART I. ALPHABETIC PRESENTATION. 23 


that will make sense and write a great many 


-the reference 
^ -the gentlemen 
y —<1 -the government 


19. WRITING DRILL. 

I-have-not seen the book for some clays. His busi¬ 
ness is very-good. It-is because it-will give me two 
days to get the goods. Your note is due. Can you 
give me more-than I can get on the same day? If-so, 
give me your offer. From-his side of-the case, he-is 
in-the-race. Miss Simms will-not-be at tea. If-you 
give me the keys, I can get in at the-gate. Do you 
mean to say-it? The name is not new. Can-you-refer 
me to a good business gentleman? 


A 

/ 

y? 


tunes. 

-the name 
-the jury 
-the case 


19m READING EXERCISE. 

Remark —It was intentional, in preparing the plates 
for this and other “Reading Exercises,” not to produce 
some of the phrase combinations as illustrated under the 
various Scientific Phrasing Principles. The motive is that 
the student may become accustomed to reading variable 
notes. But in using the Reading Exercises for dictation, 
the student should adopt a uniform method of joining 
words according to the Scientific Phrasing Principles. 


y <r / 


y 


— , c- 


A . 




f / / 


i. j. 


-7 


~7 




/ ^ 

q o^ 

y ^ —p 
-nr- . oZ 


y 


P 










7 

A 










24 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


SECTION 4 

DIPHTHONGS. 

20. A diphthong is a combination of two 
vowels in one utterance or syllable. 

(1) AU equals ou or ow, as heard in gout, 
com; 01 equals oy or oi, heard in boy, oil; U 
equals eu or ew, heard in feud, mew . AI equals 
I, heard in aisle, hence, by uniting the short¬ 
hand characters representing the vowels, the 
respective diphthongs are obtained. 

(2) YE and YU are indicated by forming a 
reversed loop of E and U, respectively, at the 
beginning of characters. 

(3) The loop is attached on inside of half¬ 
circle vowels forming YeA and YeO, respect¬ 
ively. 

Rem. —At the beginning of a word, YeA and YeO join 
other characters with an angle. Other diphthongs are 
joined to other characters in the same manner as ordinary- 
vowels. 


(Pronounce 

as 

one sound) 


Composed 

of 


(words) 

OU, OW 

sd 

au 

g ow t 


gout 

OI, OY 


oi 
oi l 

/ 

oil 

I 

c 

ai 

ai s l 

? 

aisle 

YE 

0 

ye 

ye l 6 

<r 

yellow 

EU 

o 

u 

f u d 

j ' 

feud 





YU 

o 

u 

u l 

/> 

Yule 

YA, YeA 

<n 

ya 

ya k 

— 

yak 

YO, YeO 

o 

yeo 
yo k 

— 

yoke 

21. PROGRESSIVE 

EXERCISE. 

bough 

L 

b ow 
gat 


gate 

thou 

lo 

th ow 
ow ns 


ounce 


g ow t 

r ow t .o- 


gout 


rout 



PART I. ALPHABETIC PRESENTATION. 25 


cow 

doubt 

youth 

fume 

mute 

coy 

doughy 

mean 

kite 

ripe 

guide 

guy 

noise 

sigh 

yea 

yet 


JU 




J 


OI 


k ow 


m ow s 


mouse 

d ow t 
n eu 


new 

eu th 
f eu 


few 

f eu m 
m eu 

— 

mew 

m eu t 
oi l 

r 

oil 

c oi 
s oi l 

P 

soil 

d oi 
b oi 

£ 

boy 

men 
m i n 


. mine 



kit 

vis 


vice 

rip 
r io t 


riot 

g i d 
io t a 


iota 

9 i 
th i 

o> 

thy 

n oi s 
s i e n s 

- 

science 

s i 

sins 

9— 

signs 

y d 
fir 

u 

fire 

ye t 
yd m 


yam 


22. At the end of words when preceded by 
the long sound of I, T may be omitted, the diph¬ 
thong being enlarged to indicate the final T 
sound. 


right 

^a> 

kite 


might 


night 


sight 


light 



23. WORD-FORMS. 


why 


o 


decide 







26 DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


yes 

P 

my, might 


how, out 

& 

body 

/ 

outcome 

— 

after 


above 

7 

write, right 

-—d 

side 


fall, follow 



24. SCIENTIFIC PHRASING. 


q 

my 

your 

thy 

his 

at 

— 

— 


-1 

of 

— 

£> 

<? 

A> 

by 


y 

/ 

</ 

for 


o/ 

y 

y 

from 



A? 


about 


<? 

/ 

y 


24a. Scientific Phrase Building. —By affix¬ 
ing the following words to each of the above 
phrases, ninety-six three-word phrases may be 
formed. Write a great many times. 


-route '-a 


-right ^ 


-kind & 


-guide 


25. WRITING DRILL. 

Write me if you find my cow. You are now out. 
The boy caught the cow. He had the gout. Write me 
fully about the public will. You are on the right road 
to town. The outcome of-my case is very good. They 
might go in the night if they decide. The-youth said 
the-yoke on the cow caught in the gate. Write me 
about-your mine if you decide on the day you are to 
be on the new site. Your kind note you wrote is very 
neat. It is for-my fall business. Every name on the 
deed is right. They seek to-be seen at the cave. Give 
me two to set the tube in the same case. The boys 
knew it would be a busy day. 



PART I. ALPHABETIC PRESENTATION. 27 


26. READING EXERCISE. 

J f ° ^ 



x o 

c-- 'TD - 

j> t ifo O i .'i-? —^ 

** 4 \ - -6 < 

d 7 -—j * t 


q 


^ ^ 

y —^ N ^ •—*- 

- v -_n? /— . vX> 

^-s> A 

-X -—-' v -r- 

A y ^ s 

' a— ■—^ y * 

Q_^ N £7 <2> 

yip ^ - 


/ q J ^ s 


'■—* ^ * 

✓*-o ^s> <r y // “S2- 

<^p> ^_- y «<— th> 

~ - 

2^0 q cH— — 

y ^ _ N */ y 

—* - y 5 ' 
7 ; / ; y 

Vi_ ^rz> v-p 

^ \ 

„ q c7 — s 

x ^-iZ 7 

— d O ^p —-3) x 


d O ^p 






28 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


SECTION 5 

ASPIRATE DIGRAPHS. 

28. An Aspirate Digraph is a combination 
of two aspirates to represent one sound, as ch 
in chain , sh in ash. 

As the sound of S equals the soft sound of C, 
a special character for C is unnecessary, CH is 
therefore expressed by slightly curving the up¬ 
ward Soid, and SIT, by curving the downward 
Soid. (As the Soids are vertical, it will be 
noted that they assume a slanting position when 
curved.) CII is pronounced chay, not see aitch. 
SH is pronounced ish, not es-aitch. 

Remark 1—These forms can never be confused as they 
are governed by the simple and definite rule of movement. 

Remark 2 —In practicing the unit curves keep in mind 
that the character for CH is always written upward while 
that of SH is written downward. 

Remark 3 — Remember also that SH is a down-left 
curve, while TH is a down-right curve. The following 
illustrates the position the units occupy in the alphabet. 
Asterisk (*) indicates characters to be introduced later. 

UNITS. 


Up. Down. ^ Horizontal. 


CH ^ SH, ZH f R 


* TH, the j n 


each 

r 

e ch 
d a. sh 


dash 



T 

chat 


ch d t 
m d ch 


match 

shave 


sh d v 
sh d m 


shame 

chain 


ch d n 
n l ch 


niche 

check 

— 

ch e k 
sh e 

6 

she 

chin 


ch i n 
sh 66 

6 

shoe 

gush 

h 

g u sh 
sh 66 s 


shoes 

shoot 


sh 66 t 
sh d d 

o— 

shade 

cheap 

h 

ch e p 
ch 6 p 


chop 





PART I. ALPHABETIC PRESENTATION. 29 


29. WORD-FORMS. 


change, which 


please 


should, ship 
(-shun) 

r 

become 

A 

friend 

A 

bring 

L 

future 

A 

apply 


“ ubIi | cation 


application 

A 

come 

~ 

run 


public 


must 


30. SCIENTIFIC PHRASING. 

^ which 

each 

the 

such change 

at- — 

- 


of- 




about ^ 



£ 

by- / 

/ 

/ 

£ 

for- 

J- 

■J t 

from- 


^ <U- 


Note —In such phrases as of-such, about-such, by- 
such, and for-such, the Soid may drop below the line of 
writing, which serves as a legible distinction. 

30«. Scientific Phrase Building.—The 

phrases, “he put”, “she will” and “I put” 
may be attached to all the first column that 
make sense. The phrases “of my” and “of 
them” may be affixed to the second column, 
and the words “kind”, “good” and “change” 
to the third. 





30 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


30&. may might could should 




you- 


Q_iiP CT~Sr 




he- 


r 


she- 




z 6 


they- 




t 


it- 


30c. Scientific Phrase Building. —By affix¬ 
ing the following words to the above phrases, 
ninety-six three-word phrases may be obtained. 
Write a great many times. 


-change -run 

-go '-come 


31. WRITING DRILL. 

He wrote on the check. The boy’s choice is the 
red apple. I met the kind chief. They suggest a 
change of agency. Ship me the rye if-you-have the 
same kind I bought a few-days-ago. It-is a shame she 
could not see the good show. The shoe shop shook 
at each gush of rain. Can you ship me the shoes 
after I run the ad? The goods for-which-you gave 
check must be on the road. Which-ship am I to take 
from-the bay? The payee took the check, but-it will- 
not pay-the note. You-should-ship the fruit in May. 
On which deck of-the ship was your-friend shot? 






PART I. ALPHABETIC PRESENTATION. 31 


32. READING EXERCISE. 

Z _ . __ ^ y , ^ 

" & -- - ' -^7 X /O 

& y ; J. — j 


I o' 


Q_P 


X <2_P- x /O ^ 

7 r - 


£ q j 


r 


6 \s 6 


6 is ^_p 




/ 


Q/ c/~^ _ 

^ ^ , 6 J 

S -- ^-7 t^r- - , y 


/ —- j <? s J y- cT 3 ^ 

6°^ q ^ J —- x -6 

6- • o> ^—7T- v ' Z— J <? 6 


J 6 6 —* 









32 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 














OCT 8 1912 




PROGRESSIVE 

LESSONS 


: in : 



Tangent 

o H0^ H^ND 


LESSON 3 





















PATENT APPLIED FOR 


While copyright protects all the copyrightable component 
parts of this work against all unlawful use of its composition, 
illustrations and methods, yet to insure further protection, 
patent has been applied for. Said patent application con¬ 
tains specifications of seventeen specific claims covering every 
important feature of the system and methods of arrangement, 
including: the individual alphabetic characters and composite 
outlines as representing respective letters or sound combina¬ 
tions of the language; the method of producing the combina¬ 
tions by joining a straight line and a curve, forming a tangent 
curve; the use of the five pointed star as diagrammatically 
illustrating the principles; the use of the words “ tangent ” 
and “ tangential ” as applied to the name and the principles; 
the method of arranging words in marginal columns, and 
placing the shorthand characters immediately following the 
left hand column, and placing the shorthand characters 
immediately preceding the right hand column, and the 
accents forming another column near the center; the 
method of tabulating the language, that is, by placing the 
words of one element which form the grammatical com¬ 
binations of the language in a marginal column, and the 
words of another element at the top or bottom and placing 
the shorthand outlines representing the combination at the 
intersection point of the (real or imaginary) horizontal and 
vertical lines; the proportionate shape and size of the 
book as applied to shorthand and other books consti¬ 
tuting the shorthand and commercial series. 

ORVILLE U. DESHA, Inventor. 


THE DESHA PUBLISHING CO. 


Fort Collins, Colorado 


£CI.A3a083^ 






PART I. ALPHABETIC PRESENTATION. 33 


\ 

LESSON 3 

Copyright 1912 by Orville U. Desha. 


SECTION 6 

II-ASPIRATE-V OCALS. 

33. An H-aspirate-vocal is a combination of 
the aspirate II with one or more vowels to repre¬ 
sent one sound. 

At the beginning or in the middle of a word, H is 
always followed by a vowel or diphthong, hence, no conso¬ 
nant coalesces with an initial H. For this reason an 
alphabetic character for H is unnecessary, the vowel fol¬ 
lowing being modified to represent the H-aspirate-vocal. 

MODE OF INDICATING H. 

33a. Ch (chay) is the only aspirate digraph 
which precedes all, and no other than the vowel 
sounds. A consonant never immediately fol¬ 
lows ch. Hence, when ch is followed by a 
vowel, to omit the preceding c sound, H will 
then change to the sound of hay, producing all 
the H-aspirate-vocals of the language: (c) IIA, 
(c) HO, (c) IIE, (c) III, (c) HU, (c) HOW, (c) 
HOI, (c) HUE. 

Likewise in the same manner, to omit from 
the shorthand outline that part representing the 
c sound, expresses without exception the re¬ 
spective H-aspirate-vocals. Note that they join 
to following characters with angle without 
changing their usual form (as indicated by 
dotted line). 

Remark 1 —In applying this principle, as a natural 
result, the circle vowels will assume the form of a loop, 
as a distinction from ordinary vowels. 

Remark 2 —At the beginning of a word, the H-aspirate- 
vocals are written above the line of writing when followed 
by a downward character, and on the line of writing when 
followed by an upward or horizontal character, same as 
ordinary vowels. 


(c) HA 

S$L . 

ha 
ha t 


hat 

(c) HO 

.•3. 

ho 

ho d 


- hod 



(c) HE, I 


he 
he t 


heat 

(c) HU 

.G 

hu 

hod t 


hoot 

(c) HOW 


how 
how s 


house 

(c) HOI 

9 

hoi 

9 

hoy 

(c) HI 

,<s> 

J 

hi 

hi t 


height 










34 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


34. PROGRESSIVE EXERCISE. 


Hoyle 

f 

hoi l 
he v i 

S 

heavy- 

hole 

r 

ho l 


hood 

hod d 


humid 


hii m i d 
hu g 


hug 

hoe 


ho 

hii 


hue 

hull 

r 

hu l 
ho d 

2- 

hod 

hog 


ho g 
hod f 

r 

hoof 

hash 

? 

hd sh 
ho b i 

/ 

hobby- 

whom 


hoo m 
hoo t 

<2_ 

hoot 

high 

& 

hi 

hd p i 


happy 


35. WORD-FORMS AND PHRASES. 

had, hand p him ^ 

his > is * her — 

9 hope, what , 


he-is 


has-he 


he-sat 


36. SCIENTIFIC PHRASING. 


P 

at- 


him 


her 


his 


how 


of- 

?— 

<t> 


by- ^— 




for- 




from- (La— 



(j? 

about- —" 

*2 

S 

& 



PART I. ALPHABETIC PRESENTATION. 35 

36a. Scientific Phrase-Building. —(This ex¬ 
planation has reference to the following table). 
By reading the pronouns last, interrogative 
phrases may be obtained, as shown by the right 
character. Add the word “not” to the left 
character and produce the negative form. 


-had had- -has has- 


he 


5> 


d 

it 

she 


r 


4 


-had 

had- 

-have 

have- 

I 

«5> 

E> 

j? 


you 


a 


o' 

they 


? 


/ 


36b. Also, affix the following words and 
phrases to all the left, and to as many of the 
right as will make sense, and write a great 
many times. 


-him 


-to go 


-her 

-more 


-to have 
-more than 



37. WRITING DRILL. 

Peed the hen good food. This is the check for 
the hay. Put it on your books. The heat made him 
ill. For whom would they go. About how high is the 
house? I have your note, but-you have not said what 
they-have paid on-it. It is too hot for-the big hat on 
in the house, the hood will do. Will-they lease the 
house to Dave Dowey? You-should not have paid so 
much for the piece of china. Lee will eat chicken 
in the kitchen at the safe. You may pay cash for the 
braid but not for the fish. Put the hay in the rack 
for the sheep. He gave the chief a match. 





36 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


38. READING EXERCISE. 







PART I. ALPHABETIC PRESENTATION. 37 


SECTION 7 


w. 

39. W is always preceded by one of eight 
letters; viz., D, G, K, S, T, A, 0, E, and always 
followed by one of six letters; viz., H, A, 0, E, 
I, U, hence the combinations formed by W are: 


AY-coalescent consonants; DW, GW. 

fTW SW, KW= 
W-aspirate consonants; "|qu AYH==HW 

w + , fWA, WO, WE, 

\\ -consonant-vowels 

W-diphthongs; OW = OU or AU. 
W-digraphs; AW, EAY = EU or U. 

(a) It will be remembered, under “Guide to 
vocalizing (J[4b), the diacritical mark (.) 
placed beneath the vowel indicates a following 
AY sound, as in awe, pawn. As the AY also pre¬ 
cedes all the vowels, W-consonant-vocals are 
indicated in the same manner by placing the dot 
above the vowel to indicate a preceding W 
sound. 


(6) S, TII, or the H-aspirate-vocals HA, HO, 
HE, HI or IIU, placed in the AV position indi¬ 
cates a following AY sound. 

Remark 1—At the beginning of a word the mark indi¬ 
cating a W sound should be made first, but when the W 
sound occurs in the body of a word the sound is indicated 
after the outline is completed. 

Remark 2—A character placed above another sup¬ 
planting the dot means the character so placed is "in the 
W position”. 

AYrite the following plate (both ways, from 
left to right and from top to bottom) a great 
many times. 

39a. A O E I U 


P 

W 


^7 


o 


6 


TW 

DW 

GW 


"O 


~o 


^ 


kw=qu 


SW 


I 

^7 


—a 


i 

o 


THW 


o a> O 


*hw=wh 






* Note—The last line represents the words: whack, 
whop, when, whit , whoop, given to show the position of the 
H-aspirate-vocals to express W. 

















38 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


396. WORDS. 


Aw 

WA 

WO 

WE 

WI 

WU 

DWA 

DWE 

DWI 

TWA 

TWE 

TWI 

GWA 


/I 

aw 



w 

a 


SI 

w 

a 

Tc 


w 

0 



w 

6 

k 


w 

e 


o 

w 

e 

P 


w 

i 


<D 

10 

l 

r 


10 

u 


6 

w 

u 

d 


cl w a 

d w a 

d w e 

d w e 

d w i 

cl w t t 


~D 


t io a 

v>* t w d n 

t w e 
t w e d 

t w i 

-© t io l n 

• g io a 

g w a n 


aught 

wake 

woke 

weep 

wire 

wood 

(dwa-) 

(dwe-) 

Dwight 

twain 

tweed 

twine 

guan 


SW THW WH. 


39c. As previously indicated, SAY may also 
be expressed by placing the Soid in the AY posi¬ 
tion ; and THW, by placing TH in like manner. 


SWA 

f 

SI 

sw a 

sw d 

1 

n 

sway 

SWO 

i 

si 

sw 0 
sw 6 p 


swap 

SWE 

i 

0 

sw e 

sio e p 


sweep 

SWI 

o 

sw i 
sw i n 

» _ 

swine 

SWU 

6 

sio u 

sw 66 n 

i 

Q_- 

swoon 

THWA 

j 

si 

tliw a 
thw a, k 

^_ 

thwack 














PART I. ALPHABETIC PRESENTATION. 39 

39c/. As previously noted, the unique method 
of placing the II-Aspirate-vocals in the W posi¬ 
tion expresses a previous W sound. 


WHA 

?..... 

wha , 

whd k 

whack 

WHO 


who 

who t ^ 

what 

WHE 

0 

whe 

who n s ^ 

whence 

WHI 

o t . 

whi 

whi m '—" 

whim 

WHU 

0 

whoo 

whoo p ^ 

whoop 

39c. In 

ordinary speech, the 

sound QU 


equals the sound of KW, as in such words as 
kw-a-k — quack, therefore a special character 
for Q is unnecessary, the alphabetical character 
for K being used, and the W sound indicated 
by placing the dot above the following vowel 
in the usual manner, expressing the aspirate- 
vowels; QUA, QUE, QUI, QUO. 

QUA 
QUO 
QUE 
QUI 


k w a 
k w a sh 

k w o 
k w 6 t 

k w e 
k w e r 

k w i 

lc, in it. 




quash 

quote 

queer 

quite 


40. PROGRESSIVE EXERCISE. 


quaff 

qualm 

quiet 

wedge 

weary 



'r 


wide 


walk 

wave P 


k w a f 
k w a k 

k w a m 
k w i c k 

k w i t 
k w d k 

w e j 
wagon 

w e r i 
w 66 f 

w l d 
w d j 

w aw k 
w 66 l 

w d v 
wllo 


J 

7 

7 

l 


quack 

quick 

quake 

wagon 

woof 

wage 

wool 

willow 





40 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


twitch 


t ID l ch 

id e v 


weave 

woes 

n 

w 6 s 
w i s 

<? 

wise 

sweet 


sw e t 
sw i m 

/ 

swim 

switch 


SID i ch 
siD e l 

'? 

swell 

swing 

i 

siD i ng 
siD 66 n 

i 

CL- 

swoon 

wheel 

/ 

id he l 
id ha 

z> 

whey 


41. The W may be omitted in many words 
where the context would compel its insertion 
in transcribing, in the following manner: 


why ^ 
while 


require 

inquire >-o 

whiff yT* 


twig 

white 


S2- 


(id) hi 
(id) h en 

<2^ 

when 

(id) Ml 
a k (id) i t 


- acquit 

r e k (w) l 
a k (vo) i 

— 

acquire 

n k (w) i 
k (id) a t 


quantity 

(id) hi f 
(w) 6 sh 

r 

wash 

t (w) % g 
(id) hi g 


whig 

(id) hi t 
(w) ha l 

F 

whale 


42. In phrasing, the character for the word 
“the” may be placed in the W position to ex¬ 
press the W sound. The word “a” may also 
be written close to the following word to indi¬ 
cate the W sound. 


the way 


a wide 

the wool 

'? 

a week 

the wagon 

'<r- 

awoke 

the wise 

'f 

a white 



PART I. ALPHABETIC PRESENTATION. 41 


43. WORD-FORMS. 


we, with, 

were 

what 

o 

was* 

/ 

week 


way 

>7 

within 


away 


wealth 

/ 

whoever 

r 

without 

'b 

* S in W 

position. 




SCIENTIFIC PHRASING. 

44. The characters for the words we, were, 
and was, have no joining, however, the follow¬ 
ing “sound-blends” are given for practice: 


we are* 


we were 


we could 

— 

you were 


we have 

• ^ 

they were 


we decide 

* 

I was 

^7 

we can not 


he was 

O 

we have not 


she was 

6 


* R in W position. 


44u. A distinction is made by placing the 
character for the preposition “with” near the 
center of a following lineal character in the 
following manner: 


with me 
with my 

with her 
with him 

with only 
with regard 


with the 


V 


with them 


with these 




with more 


with your 


with your kind 







42 DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 

44&. The phrases, “were with” and “was 
with” may be expressed in the following man¬ 
ner : 


were within ^ 

were without 

& 

was within - 

was without 


Write the following 
many times: 

44c. 

‘ * sound-blends ’ ’ 

a great 

-were 

were- 


we 

• • 


you o ’ 

• 

o 


they o> 




-was was 


he 

i 

o 

/ 

o 

it 

1 

/ 

— 

she 

6 ' 

i 

6 

44d. By writing the following words and 
phrases in connection with the above “sound- 
blends” a great many times gives the student 
invaluable practice. 

in 

— 

at 

— 

not 

- 

to go 


not in 

on 



45. WRITING DRILL. 

The wool on the sheep was very fine. He was 
away when Willie awoke. Write me while you are in 
the town. Why do we not hear from you when you 
are away from home? Why not weigh the wheat 
while I wait? I await your reply while I am away. 
When I awoke the mouse ran in my shoe. We will 



PART I. ALPHABETIC PRESENTATION. 43 


know the news in a few days. You may go if you 
know the way. Have they been to see the new house? 
If you wish, you may take the fine suit. The heavy 
hoe will cut big weeds. When-you come to town 
bring your hay to this house. They wish us to pay 
them a cash fee. Why does he-go in this way? They 
had to go twice a day. If you come in June, you may 
go back when they do. 


46. READING EXERCISE. 




cr 





y 



7 "7 



y r 


x 9 




ft 


q . 


\ 


“ S3 


„ P~ 


. 


\ 


6 x 


O 


^ — 




y 


7 



/i' 



^ _ 


V Q> , 


y 




7 


p 




p 




sp ' 













44 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


SECTION 8 

NG NK ING 

47. Should the character for N be changed 
into a straight line from its point of beginning, 
it would drop slightly below the line of writing. 
NG or NK may be expressed in this manner. 
The affix ING or THING may be expressed by 
a dot placed close to the end of the preceding 


character. 

NG, NK 

V,N 

r t ng 


ring 

ING 


b l ing 

/ 

buying 

THING 


n u tiling 


nothing 

bank 

L 

b nk 

t aw k ing 


_ talking 

outgoing 


ow go ing 
b nk ing 

z_. 

banking 

cooking 


k 66 k ing 
thw a k ing 

s _^ 

thwacking 

wink 

^ — 

w l nk 
sio i ng 

/ 

swing 

winking 


w l nk ing 
sw i ng ing 

, 

swinging 


PECULIAR WORDS. 

48. There are a few words, such as awe, 
woo, oil, etc., in which the marks for distin¬ 
guishing the value of the vowel sounds may be 
found necessary to use. 


awe 

^7 

aw 

a he d 

• a. _ 

ahead 

owe, oh! 


6 

d ha 


aha! 

ah! 

p 

ha 

d w hi 1 

r 

awhile 

hay! 

D 

/ 

hd 

hii 

f 

hue, hew 

ye 

S 

y e 

d he m 


ahem 

yea 

<o 

y d 
d hoy 

.3 

ahoy 

woe 

n 

w 6 
w 66 

6 

woo 



PART I. ALPHABETIC PRESENTATION . 45 


48 a. The facile representation of two or 
more vowels occurring together but not form¬ 
ing a pure diphthong, and joining these in nat¬ 
ural order as they occur in the language, is one 
of the most important of the many unique 
advantages gained by this perfect tangential- 
vowel system. 


Messiah 

labial 

alliance 

Syme 

Siam 


—rf 


SL 


m e s id 
a r ea 

l d b ia l 
'bids 

d l la n s 
r 6 m eo 

s l m 
16 n ia 

, s Id m 
v la 


crt^ area 
J/ bias 


<n -e 
J? via 


Romeo 

Ionia 


49. INITIALS. 


A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

F 

G 

H 

I 


S~7 




J £ 

K ^— 

L / 

M -_ 

N —^ 

O ^ 

P ^ 

Q — J 

R 


S ' 

T -; 

U o 

V 4 

w ^ 

X ' 

s=- 

Y 

Z p 


50. WORD-FORMS. 


thing 

.J 

being 

/ 

think 

A. 

nothing 

-0. 

thank 

s 

anything 


I think 

7. 

something 

_ __ 






46 DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 

51. SCIENTIFIC PHRASING. 


r being 

going 

buying 

writing 

at- 




O 

Mi 

i 


j 


by- Z' 

/-• 

/ 


for- 


/ 

A 

from- <A—< 

ts" 

£ 


about- 7 


/ 

Z. 


51a. SPECIAL BUSINESS PHRASES. 

(See 141 ) 


Dear Sir 

Dear Sirs 
Yours truly 
Yours very truly 

Very truly yours 


-P 

P 


J. 


Thank you 
Thanking you 
Your friend 


o> 



My friend 


Af 5 


Kind friend 




52. WRITING DRILL. 

Woe to the boy who-is late to the office. You 
should acquire a neat way of writing your notes. Two 
weeks ago I was ahead of the boy, but he-is now 
ahead of me. The cause is known to the teacher. 
Ah! I-am-not going to-have him beat me writing. The 
coo of-the dove on the swinging bow is very wooing. 
The area is two miles. I am making an etching of 
the house which is now being white-washed. The boy 
and the dog had a happy time. I am keeping the 
books for the meat shop. Pet was deciding which 
book to buy. 




PART I. ALPHABETIC PRESENTATION. 47 


53. READING EXERCISE. 





S-) sn 


<=/ Qs \ ^ 



I 

















48 








DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 















OCT 8 191 












0>ru. 


PROGRESSIVE 

LESSONS 


















PATENT APPLIED FOR 


While copyright protects all the copyrightable component 
parts of this work against all unlawful use of its composition, 
illustrations and methods, yet to insure further protection, 
patent has been applied for. Said patent application con¬ 
tains specifications of seventeen specific claims covering every 
important feature of the system and methods of arrangement, 
including: the individual alphabetic characters and composite 
outlines as representing respective letters or sound combina¬ 
tions of the language; the method of producing the combina¬ 
tions by joining a straight line and a curve, forming a tangent 
curve; the use of the five pointed star as diagrammatically 
illustrating the principles; the use of the words “ tangent ” 
and “ tangential ” as applied to the name and the principles; 
the method of arranging words in marginal columns, and 
placing the shorthand characters immediately following the 
left hand column, and placing the shorthand characters 
immediately preceding the right hand column, and the 
accents forming another column near the center; the 
method of tabulating the language, that is, by placing the 
words of one element which form the grammatical com¬ 
binations of the language in a marginal column, and the 
words of another element at the top or bottom and placing 
the shorthand outlines representing the combination at the 
intersection point of the (real or imaginary) horizontal and 
vertical lines; the proportionate shape and size of the 
book as applied to shorthand and other books consti¬ 
tuting the shorthand and commercial series. 

ORVILLE U. DESHA, Inventor. 


THE DESHA PUBLISHING CO. 

Fort Collins, Colorado 


gCI.A32(KS32 

Ju 




PART II. L AND R-VOCALS. 


49 


Part II 


LESSON 4 

Copyright 1912 by Orville U. Desha. 


SECTION 9 


L AND R-VOCALS. 


54. L and R coalesce with all the vowels 
forming a variety of regular and transposed 
L and R consonant-vocals which constitute two 
of the most important sound series of the lan¬ 
guage. They are: 


L-Vocals. 
R-Vocals. 


Regular; LA, LO, LE, LI, LU. 
Transposed; AL, OL, EL, IL, UL. 
Regular; RA, RO, RE, RI, RU. 
Transposed; AR, OR, ER, IR, UR. 


Remark —It may safely be said that the above L and 
R vocals, in either their regular or transposed form, appear 
in about three-fourths of the words of the language. 
These are such important combinations, the entire II. 
part of this treatise is devoted exclusively to their ap¬ 
pearance thruout the language. The regular L and R- 
Vocals la, lo, and ra, ro, re, ri, ru, appeared in the “Alpha¬ 
betic Presentation” and will not receive further attention 
here. 


L-VOCALS. 

55. The L-Vocals produced by the circle 
vowels will have first attention: 

(Regular; **,**, LE, LI, LU. 

( Transposed ; **, **, EL, IL, UL. 


L-Vocals. 


THE L-VOCAL LOOP. 

55 a. A unique yet simple method of indi¬ 
cating the L-Vocals produced by the circle 
vowels as illustrated in the following manner, 
is to write the alphabetic character for L so as 
to change the circle into a loop, christened 
“The L-Vocal-Loop.” 


Remark 1—Tn applying the above principle, the unit 
and double-unit circles produce respective unit and double¬ 
unit L-Vocal-Loops. 

Remark 2 —The regular L-Vocals usually occur at the 
beginning of a word, while the transposed forms occur at 
the end, as L-E-T=:let or T-E-L — tel. The L-Vocal Loop 
expresses this transposition of sound at the end in the 
same manner as if the L stroke was used. 

bbb. Joining the L-Vocal Loop. — (a) At the 

end of an upward or horizontal straight line, 


50 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


the loop is reversed in the same manner as 
when the L stroke follows, (b) Reversed form 
is not changed at the end of a downward 
straight stroke. 


leap 


LEF 

PEL 


peel 

let 

— 

LET 

TEL 


tell 

lead 

«- 

LED 

DEL 

— — 

deal 

loot 


LET 

TEL 


tool 

loop 

s 

LEF 

PEL 


pool 

lull 

? 

LEL 

LEL 

i 

lull 

leban 

L 

LEB- 

BEL 

/ 

bell 


55a When joined to a curve, the L-Vocal 
Loop is turned on the inside of the curve the 
same as the circle. 


leach 

league 

lear 

leak 

lean 


s~ 


LECH 

CHIL 


chill 

LEG 

GIL 


gill 

LER 

REL 

— 

reel 

LEK 

KEL 

— 

keel 

LEN 

NEL 


neal 


ledge 


LEJ 

JIL 


gill 


lug 


LEG 

GEL 




gull 


lure 

look 

loom 

loot 

leave 




J 


LER 

REL 

~z> 

rule 

LEK 

KEL 


cull 

LEM 

MEL 


mule 

LEF 

FEL 


full 

LEV 

VEL 


veal 


leaf 


LEF 

EEL 


feel 




PART II. L AND R-VOCALS. 51 

55 d. In the body of a word the L-Yoeal 
Loop is formed tangent to the first stroke in 
the following manner: 


gulf 

film 

villain 

child 

guilt 





shelf 

mulch 



Culver 

kelp 

built 




55c A final vowel may join the L-Vocal 
Loop in a tangent manner by crossing the pre¬ 
ceding character at the connecting point. 


chilly 


really 

Kelly 


Nelly 

mealy 


Sheeley 

jelly 


Felly 

gully 


ruly 

Jula 

f 

muley 

fully 


fellow 

mellow 


Della 

melon 

_ 

felony 


2T 

* 

J 




55/. In like manner the Soid may join the 
loop in a tangent manner by crossing the pre¬ 
ceding or following character, to indicate an 
initial or final S sound. 

Remark —As the L-Vocal Loop eliminates the L stroke 
when preceded or followed by a circle, the Soid may have 
a slanting inclination, thereby forming a more legible loop 
without confusion, as in lick-slick, or tell-tells. As a fur¬ 
ther distinction from L, the down slanting Soid may be 
diminished to a minute or short “tick” character. 


lick 


tell 


slick 


tells 


52 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


kills 


mills 

deals 


sled 

meals 


slim 

tools 


sleet 

gulls 


slug 

veals 


sleeve 

mules 


slum 

pills 


sleep 


55//. The looping principle also applies to 
the diphthong I in the middle or at the end of 
words. 


vile 


Nile ^ 

file 


mile '— 

Kyle 


dial —*==* 

let 

^— 

guile 


557*. When the transposed L-Vocals, EL, 

IL, UL, occur at the beginning of a word, their 
respective L-Vocal Loops may be reversed for a 
distinction from the regular forms LE, LI, LU. 

Remark 1 —As YE, and YU are usually followed by an 
L sound, as in yield, yule, a distinction from the reversed 
L-Vocal Loop is unnecessary. 

Remark 2 —It is found more convenient to use the re¬ 
versed L-Vocal Loop for both regular and transposed 
forms at the beginning of an m or n stroke, as the contex 
will always insure legibility, as “the elm limb”. 


YEL 


yellow 

yelp 


yield 

elm 

— 

yelk 

limb 

___ 

lien 


s 


Note.— The L-Vocal Loop does not stand alone. It 
must have a lineal stroke to tie to, hence the L stroke is 
used in such words as eel, Lee, Lie, Lue. (See 3b, 5a.) 



PART II. L AND R-VOCALS. 


53 


SCIENTIFIC PHRASING. 

56. It follows that w T ords represented by 
the character for L may also be indicated by 
the L-Yocal Loop, in the following manner: 
q -he -she -they -you 

will will will will 


for ^ y y ^ 

•• J S / J 


t *> 


but 


/ 


6 


whether 


/ / # 


57. Some words in “phrase spelling,” like 
some letters in ordinary spelling, are to be 
found at the beginning, in the body, or at the 
end of phrases. The word “will” is one of 
these. 

When the word “will” occurs in the body 
of a phrase, expressed by the L-Vocal Loop, a 
following upward or horizontal character is 
joined with a niche or break. 

NOTE.—Pronounce the word in parenthesis 
first; follow with the words at head of column, 


end with margin i 

word. 

Ex. “for he will not 

etc. 






-he 

-she 

-they 

-you 


will 

will 

will 

will 

(for) 

not 


/ 

/ 


(if) 

not be 



V 

A 

(as) 

7 




not be 
able 

* 

7 

Y 

(but) 

do 

J— 

/- 

/- 

/- 

(whether 

put 



7- 



54 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


57 a. Scientific Phrase Building. — By 

changing each of the words in parentheses to 
appear opposite each of the five horizontal 
lines, will form a complete list of 100-“sound- 
blends”. "Write a great many times. 


58. WRITING DRILL. 

The applicant will write the letter. The book has 
red leaves, but it was read by the good deacon. Let 
me know if you cannot go with me to town. The 
meat of a cow is not veal, but it must be that of a 
calf. The yellow dog is very slim and can leap very 
high. The apples in the tin can are-not peeled. It 
is my wish to be at the League meet. Let me look at 
your bill. They know she-will teach the masses well. 
They think tliey-will-not be here-to put the mill on 
wheels. If you sigh for ripe fruit in the fall, sow the 
seed now. You must not break the rule. Let me 
look in the light. Miss Kelly was in to see you, but 
you were out. Tell Mr. Bell to let you go to the 
League. Nellie ate the mellow apple. The jelly will 
come in tin cans. The slug of lead is too light. The 
pills are red, but are not sweet. The sleeve in the 
coat is too big. 


59. READING EXERCISE. 


/ 





2 ? X S 




2T 


~o 


9 ^ 


X 


— ^ — 


y 


/ 






x y 




/ J 


^~7 






y 


X /° 










PART II. L AND R-VOCALS. 


55 


SECTION lO 

ANOTHER TANGENTIAL VOWEL 
EXPEDIENT. 

60 . Previous illustrations of the tangential vowel is 
in no wise the extent of its utility. Owing to the tangent 
method by which the circle and half-circle may be in¬ 
serted, enabled the inventor to introduce another unique 
principle of reversing all the vowels by an opposite move¬ 
ment from which they are ordinarily written, expressing 
additional sound and obtaining marvelous brevity of out¬ 
line without detracting from the legibility of the writing. 

Older systems attempted such a method, but owing to 
a faulty allotment of the characters are unable to apply 
the principle to only a few of the vowel sounds. With 
this perfect tangent vowel system, the principle not only 
applies to all the vowels without exception, but to all the 
diphthongs as well. This uniform application of the prin¬ 
ciple to all the vowels hitherto unaccomplished, gives to 
the inventor the just and equitable right as stipulated and 
protected by the patent claims. 

APPLICATION OF TIIE REVERSING 
EXPEDIENT. 

61. The Reversed Vowel expedient is em¬ 
ployed to obtain the Transposed R-Vocals con¬ 
taining the circles, and also both R and L vocals 
containing the half-circles. 


R-VOCALS. 


Transposed R-Vocals containing the circle 
vowels will now receive attention: 


R-Vocals. 


Regular; **, **, **, **, **. 
Transposed; * # , **, ER, IR, UR. 


By reversing the circle to the opposite side 
from which it is ordinarily attached, expresses 
a following R sound, producing the Transposed 
R-Vocals: 


ER 

. o 

er 

t er 

—o tier 

IR 

. o 

ir 

t Ir 

_o tire 

UR 

.O 

ur 

_ o durin 



cl ur ing 


JOINING REVERSED VOWELS. 

61a. Between a downward and horizontal 
or upward character, the circle is reversed to 
express the R-Vocals in the following manner: 






56 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


bun 

</■ 

bud 


burn 

£ 

buried 

A- 

bit 


bed 

</- 

Bert 

4- 

bird 



61 &. Between certain characters a circle is 
reversed when appearing on the inside of a 
curve or on the point of an angle, between 
similar characters the R-Yocal is expressed by 
forming the circle tangent to the first stroke. 


pet 

pert 

purl 

tune q . 

turn _„ 

shirt G — 


HALF-CIRCLE L AND R-YOCALS. 

62 . The real value of the Reversed vowel 
expedient is further illustrated in producing 
the following transposed L and R-Yocals con¬ 
taining the half-circle. 


L-Vocals. 


R-Vocals. 


(Regular; **, **, **, **, **. 
(Transposed; AL, OL, **, **, 

f Regular; **, **, **, **, ** 

| Transposed; AR, OR, **, 






(1) By reversing the half-circle vowels to 
the opposite side from which they are ordi¬ 
narily attached expresses a following R sound 
producing the transposed R-Yocals AR, OR. 
(2) The reversed half-circles are curved more 
deeply to express a following L sound pro¬ 
ducing the transposed L-Yocals AL, OL. 


AR 

c 

ar c_ 

art 

AL 

c 

ar t 

al 

mail 

OR 

c 

m al 

or ^ c — 

port 

OL 

d 

p or t 

ol 

61 d 

- old 



PART II. 

L AND 

R-VOCALS. 

57 

YEAR C 

year 
year cl 

e 

yard 


YEAL C 

yeal 

yeal 

<Z 

Yale 


YOR e 

yor 

yor 

e 

yore 



Remark—W hile the alphabetic forms for the letters R 
or L are two of the most facile of all shorthand characters, 
yet considering the facility with which this reversing prin¬ 
ciple is further applied, involving a multitude of the words 
of the language, so legibly expressing such frequent sounds 
without the use of the alphabetic forms, thereby inesti¬ 
mably shortening the writing, is an unequal triumph over 
all former endeavors, possible only to this simple but mar¬ 
velous tangential vowel system. 

JOINING REVERSE HALF-CIRCLE. 

62a. At the beginning or end of straight 
lines, circles or half-circles are reversed to ex¬ 
press respective R and L-vocals, in the follow¬ 
ing manner: 


orb 

/ 

pour 


obey 

L 

par 


bore 

/ 

pail 


bow 

/ 

eel 

; 

add 

c 

Earl 

r 





ardor 

c -r 

elder 

Q._-O 

dare 

-C 

older 

_ o 

dale 

-d 

bar 

/ 

art 

C_ 

shore 

A 

old 


show 

6 


62/>. Between two characters, the reversed 
half-circle forms a hook tangent to the second 
character. (See ff5h, “Joining Vowels.”) 



toad —=— 

chain 

/ 

tort 

charm 


told 


chat 










58 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


Pate 

part 

pot 

port 

dart 

bode 

board 

lad 

lard 

mould 

bold 

rave 

rarefy 

cave 

carve 



«/_ 

'Z? 

A? 


chart 

patch 

porch 

top 

torpor 

loan 

lorn 

bane 

born 

badge 

barge 

gauge 

gorge 

gab 

garb 




A 

L 



-1 

7 

^7 


62 c. At the end of a word when preceded 
by a curve, the vowels may be reversed to ex¬ 
press the transposed R-Vocals in the following 
manner: 


near 

nor 


care 

mere 


63. WORD-FORMS. 


or, over c organization c/" 7 

all, alter already 


always, also 


call, collect 









PART II. L AND R-VOCALS. 


owner v ^ 

collection 

knowledge - ^ 

for all 

deal, delinquent__ 

volume 

belong 

deliver 

organ-ize 

believe-f 


64. SCIENTIFIC PHRASING. 

over all owner more 

q 




7 j j v 


follow 













60 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


65. WRITING DRILL. 

The limb of the oak left a knot on the light pole. 
We can ship you a heavy pine pole from our mill for 
your ship. The coal you have will-not burn. The 
shirt was torn in the wash. The old dock yard is 
a scene of art. Miss Pearl saw a bird in the old barn 
in the back yard of Yale College. The elder of the 
church is older than his wife whose gab was loud, 
but whose garb was yellow. The knife would not 
carve the meat of the carcass of the bear caught in 
the cave. You should not care what part you should 
take in the old League team. The-chat on the porch 
with Charlie was about the chart. Armordale is a 
large burg. 


66. READING EXERCISE. 

q c'^ ✓'- 2 ? 


<2- ^ ^-o- q - c 


2 . -c „ 

/ 

/O 9 


-"■a 


n 2 s 




cz 


J 


° * ' V /O 

£ 


* 




* / 




.y ^ y 


cr 




7 A 


X o 


7 

J 




j J 


* 


r 




7 




\ 


9 
















PART II. L AND R-VOCALS. 


61 


SECTION 11 


REVERSED II-ASPIRATE-VOCALS. 

67. The S sound heard in such words as 
“sherd”, “sheriff” is omitted (as indicated by 
the dotted line), leaving a reversed aspirate 
vocal joined to the following character with an 
angle, expressing a following R sound. Half¬ 
circle aspirate diphthongs are reversed and 
joined in like manner. 

67a. The L-Vocal Loops are also reversed 
and joined in like manner to indicate preced¬ 
ing II sound. 


sherd 


sh er d 

_ 

sh ir k 

HER 

<f . 

her 
her d 

HEL 

<? “ 

hel 
hel m 

HUL 

^. 

hul 
hul k 

HAR 

u . 

har 
hdr m 

HAL 

o . 

hal 
hal t 

HOR 


hor 
hor n 

HOL 

V 

hoi 
hoi d 


shirk 

herd 

helm 

hulk 

harm 


U — halt 


horn 


hold 


68. The W, SW or THW sounds preceding 
reversed vowels are indicated in the usual man¬ 
ner, as follows: 


WAR 

, 

W 

ar 

c _ 

ward 

c 

tv 

ar d 




WAL 

<Z- 

w 

al 

A 

wall 



to 

al 



WOR 


w 

or 


worse 

c 

to 

or s 


WOL 

A. 

w 

to 

ol 

61 6 v 


wallop 

DWEL 


d 

to el 

__ 

dwell 

' ^ 

d 

to el 



TWIL 


t 

t 

to il 
to il 


twill 






62 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


THWAR 
WHAL ^ 

WHER - 0 . 

WHEL y-- 
WHUR 'q . 

QUAR __ 

QUAL „_- 


thiv ar 
thw ar t 

w lial 

w hdl don 

w her 
w her l 

w hel 
w hel p 

w hur 
vo hur l 

k w ar 
k vo dr i 

k w al 
k vo a l 


-c_thwart 

whalebone 
f whirl 
- 0 ^ whelp 
whorl 

_• quarry 

__^ quail 


SWAR 

i 

c 

sio ar 
sio ar t 

i 

C. - 

swart 

SWAL 

i 

cz 

sw al 
sw dl 

1 

d 

swale 

SWOR 

1 

c 

sw or 

sw dr 

i 

c 

swore 

SWOL 

1 

CL 

sw ol 
sw dl n 

# 

swollen 

SWER 

1 

Q. •. 

sw er 
sw Ir l 

1 

/° 

swirl 

SWEL 

/ 

o. 

sw el 

1 

swelter 

WELCH 


w el ch 


Welch 

WELSH 

F 

w el sh 

r 

welsh 

69. 

PROGRESSIVE 

EXERCISE. 

ate 


d t 
hd th 

? 

hath 

art 


dr t 
hdr p 


harp 

hat 


hd t 
hd t 


hot 


heart 

horn 

hod 

hold 

home 


ir 


hdr t 
hdr sh 

hdr n 
ha sh 

ho d 
ha m 

hdl d 
hod d 

ho m 
her d 


? 


harsh 

hash 

ham 

hood 

herd 









PART 


arm 

hen 

harm 

hard 

hearth 

heath 

old 




S’ 


Warren • 

ti 

warmth > 


swear ^ 


sword 


II. L AND R-VOCALS. 

tz _ heed 


63 


70. 


ar m 
he d 


he n 
he t 

heir m 
e t 

heir d 
w ar n 

hdr th 
dr ch 

he th 
w dri 

61 d 

d w el t 

w ar n 
k w d k 

w ar m th 
w ar p 

siv dr 


heat 

eat 

warn 

arch 

worry 

_ dwelt 

.. quack 
warp 


O W \A/I 

sw ar th l ^ swarthy 
s or d 


sw ar m - -- 

WORD-FORMS. 


swarm 


where O' 

onward 

^_ 

aware . c 

work 

_ _ _ 

hold, whole ^ 

wherever 


holds ^ 

wherefore 

s 

ward 

worthy 

S 

reward 

yard 


toward —r- 

behold 

/ 

honor, nor — c 

warn 

c _ 


71. SCIENTIFIC PHRASING. 



heard 

held 

hold 

honor 

i- 

/? 

n 

a 


you¬ 

a 

0 

Q 


th ey- 

d 

4> 

4 











64 DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


q 

heard 

held 

holds 

honors 

it- 

— 


-- 

—„ 

he- 


% 

e, 

— 

she- 

/ 

/ 

£ 



72. 

WRITING DRILL. 


The yelk of the egg is very hard. Miss Hart 
will go from here to Hart Horn to work for the Hart- 
Hanes firm. We hear-it-will take the gentlenien an 
hour to cut the art die for the door. Please take 


notice not to ship any more cattle without dehorning 
all of them because the hide of the whole herd will 
be full-of holes. We have no call for such beef. I 
may live in the same house in which the chief dwells. 
The roof does not leak. I may work in the yard 
during warm days. Wherever you may go you-will 
see worthy people you will-honor. The hoof of the 
horse was very hard. The rock could not harm it 
when the shoe came off. Hattie Horn ate a very 
hardy meal which made her very happy during the 
day, but when night came she was tired. Where- 
would-you-go to-work if-you-came-here? The worn 
harness will not serve our purpose. 


73. READING EXERCISE. 






























^.'U.^judvo- 

















PATENT APPLIED FOR 


While copyright protects all the copyrightable component 
parts of this work against all unlawful use of its composition, 
illustrations and methods, yet to insure further protection, 
patent has been applied for. Said patent application con¬ 
tains specifications of seventeen specific claims covering every 
important feature of the system and methods of arrangement, 
including: the individual alphabetic characters and composite 
outlines as representing respective letters or sound combina¬ 
tions of the language; the method of producing the combina¬ 
tions by joining a straight line and a curve, forming a tangent 
curve; the use of the five pointed star as diagrammatically 
illustrating the principles; the use of the words “ tangent" 
and “ tangential ” as applied to the name and the principles; 
the method of arranging words in marginal columns, and 
placing the shorthand characters immediately following the 
left hand column, and placing the shorthand characters 
immediately preceding the right hand column, and the 
accents forming another column near the center; the 
method of tabulating the language, that is, by placing the 
words of one element which form the grammatical com¬ 
binations of the language in a marginal column, and the 
words of another element at the top or bottom and placing 
the shorthand outlines representing the combination at the 
intersection point of the (real or imaginary) horizontal and 
vertical lines; the proportionate shape and size of the 
book as applied to shorthand and other books consti¬ 
tuting the shorthand and commercial series. 

ORVILLE U. DESHA, Inventor. 


THE DESHA PUBLISHING CO. 

Fort Collins, Colorado 


£ CLA320832 



PART II. L AND R-VOCALS. 


65 


LESSON 5 

Copyright 1912 by Orville U. Desha. 


SECTION 12 

74. When the S sound precedes reversed 
vowels (expressing R) the upward Soid is used. 
(This principle does not apply to vowels Re¬ 
versed to express L). 


SAR 

i. 

s dr d 

t ~~~ — 

sard 

SOR 

r. 

s or t 

, — 

sort 

SER 

Q . 

s er t 

o— 

-sert 

SUR 

q . 

s ur d 

q- 

surd 

XER 

<1. 

x er t 

- 

exert 

75. 

The plural 

of words 

ending with re- 

versed 

half-circles 

(expressing R or 

L) pre- 


ceded by a straight character may be indicated 
by omitting the Soid and joining the reversed 
vowel without an angle. The upward Soid ex¬ 
presses an added S sound, as in palaces. 


dare 


d dr 


door 

71 

d or 

-c 


dares 

— p 

d drs 


doors 


d drs 


pear 

— 

p dr 
p dr 

- 

pour 

pears 


p drs 
p drs 


pours 

pole 

— 

p ol 
d 61 

- c 

doll 

poles 


p ols 
d ols 

—=> 

dolls 

dale 


d dl 


tale 


t dl 


dales 


d dls 


tales 


t als 


policies 


p ols s 
p dls s 

>> 

palaces 

bear 

/ 

b dr 
l dr 

/ 

lower 














66 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


bears 

y 

& drs 
l ors 

</ 

lowers 

bar 

/ 

& dr 
& ox 

< 

box 

bars 

y 

6 drs 
& ordx 

y 

borax 


76. When reversed half-circles (indicating 
the R-Vocals) are preceded by a curved stroke, 
the Soid is used to express the plural (this prin¬ 
ciple does not apply to half-circles reversed for 
the L-Vocals). 


car 

cars 


k dr 
g or 

k dr s 
g or s 


gore 

gores 


77. When the reverse circles (indicating 
the R-Vocals) are followed by the S sound pre¬ 
ceded by a straight, upward or horizontal char¬ 
acter, the downward Soid is used. (This prin¬ 
ciple does not apply to vowels reversed to indi¬ 
cate the L-Vocal). 


tea 

tease 

tier 

tiers 


t e 

d l 

o aye 

t e s 

dyes 

d l s 


t er 
t Ir 

_ a tire 

t er s 
t Ir s 

—R tires 


78. In phrasing, the characters for the pro¬ 
nouns I, you, and he may be reversed to indi¬ 
cate the R or L-Yocal sounds, L expressing the 
word “will” in the following manner: 


I remain ^_ 

he will need 

I renew ^ 0 

I will not 

1 will put 

you will not 

I will need ~ 

he will not 

You will need <rx_sa— 

I will go 





PART II. L AND R-VOCALS. G7 

79. WORD-FORMS. 

told —c 

dollars __ 

policies 


80. SCIENTIFIC PHRASING. 

told told me told him told us 



policy 

balance ^ 
capital ___ 


need d_s=- — 0_5X 


only 


C^-P 


do 


/=— 


decide 




80?). I you 

C7* will not- will not- 


be able 




he she 

will not- will not- 

7 *Z 


know 


r r r t 


judge 
















68 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


IC? 

have 


I you 

will not- will not- 

07 y 


he she 

will not- will not- 

y *7 


only 


care 


80c. It will be noted by referring back to 
paragraph 55h, when the loop is reversed the L 
sound follows, but when not reversed the L 
sound precedes. The positive and negative 
forms are determined by the same principle. 


will he- he will- will you- you will- 



decide 


81. WRITING DRILL. 

Write me if you decide to take the goods. I-will 
give you the check to buy the mine. I-will-take the 
boy to the show. Will-you-not be here? He-will-kill 
the hog for meat. Will you wash the wool for the 
weary widow? The charming child was the whole 
show at City Park. The girl put her badge in the 
hull of the barge near the shore. Will you give me 
fhe meat? Will you take the book to Pete? He will 
go to the mill pond. It lay at the mill gate. Lee 
will take the key. The mule will kick the calf. They 
came to the mill. I have not been ill. Would you 
go to the League? He will have to go for they will 
not give me the key. Will you get the pass from the 
agent? I-will let you know in about an hour. 

I-will-not use the new-arm chair while you are 
here-at the League. They told us they thought it was 
too warm to ride on the car so far to the fair. 

The Hadley Tire Company, 

Gentlemen: I-will-need two more tires for my 

car. I-will not be at your house this week so you 
may ship them to Dale for delivery. 

Yours truly, 














PART II. L AND R-VOCALS. 


69 


82. READING EXERCISE. 


n r> 


& 






* ^ 




^7 




, 

^ er- 

c/ 


*7 


& x 


x P 


C? ^7 


J 


y s 
/ 


<y 


~z> 


t X 




y" 


V*' 

■ / -y > X 


\ / 7 


C 




■ o x «r 


O ^ c/ Q_ _ 


\ o 




/ 






\ ' 


“O 


/=* 


"O 



















PART. III. TANGENT COALESCENTS. 71 


Part III 


SECTION 13 


TANGENT COALESCENTS. 


83. Part III of this treatise is devoted to 
the tangential method by which practically all 
the coalescent consonants and aspirates are pro¬ 
duced by joining the alphabetic characters with 
only one effort of the pen. 

The following classification will have first 
consideration: 


Coalescent 

Consonants 


Aspirate 

Consonants 


fRegular; DN, DM, BL, GR, GL, 
YL, DR, DD. 

Transposed; ND, MD, MB, MN, 
MM, JJ. 

'Regular; TN. TM, PN, FL, KR, 
KL, PR, TIIR, TR, SN, SM, 
‘ SMD, TD, SIIL, SHR. 
Transposed; NT, MT, MP, DT. 


Application of the Tangent. 

83 a. Eliminate the angle between the line 
and curve of the following alphabetic charac¬ 
ters (as indicated by the dotted line) forming 
unit, double-unit, or triple-unit tangents as the 
case may be, to represent their respective 
coalescent sounds. 


Alphabetic 

character 

for 

Joined in a 
tangent 
manner equals 

As in 


P 


p 

P 


SN 

•1 __ 

sn 

snub 


SNT 

'C —. 

snt 

sent 


SND 

M_ 

snd 

send 



NT 

ND 

MT 

MD 

SM 

TN 


ent 

end 

emt 

emd 

sm 

ten 


meant 

dawned 

dumped 

deemed 

smile 

tenant 





72 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


DN 

TM 

DM 

MP 

MB 

PN 


TR _ 

DR __ 

GR 

GL y^ 7 ' 

KR 

KL ^- y 

MN 

MM 

TD 
DT 

DD r-rrr — 
SHL /” 


den 

tem 

dem 

emp 

emb 


'-I 

^pen 
THR jy, fh r 


tr 

dr 

nr 

gi 

kr 

kl 

men 

mem 


- ted 

- det 

- ded 

shel 


JJ 

/ 

j) 

BL 

/ 

/. 

bl 

FL 


fl 

VL 

■ / 

vel 

SHR 


shr 





denial 

timid 

demand 

lump 

imbued 

open 

threat 

trip 

dread 

ground 

glance 

creep 

clue 

men 

memory- 

rated 

debt 

dead 

bushel 

judge 

blight 

flight 

hovel 

shrewd 


















PART. III. TANGENT COALESCENTS. 73 


ALPHABETIC APPEARANCE. 

Rem. 1.—The exact length of the tangent produced 
when some of the alphabetic characters are joined is dis¬ 
regarded and the strokes are diminished or lengthened to 
a uniform unit, double-unit, and triple-unit standard. 

84. The following illustrates the position 
tangent characters occupy in the alphabet: 


Units 


Up 

if 

Down 

Hori¬ 

zontal 

For- 

ward 

ch 

r 

sh ___ 

R 

THR, 

STR 

* 

/ 

* 

* 

* 

TeN, 

DeN 

J 

TH ^ 

N 

SN, 

SNT, 

SND 


Double-units 


G 

P 



TeM, 

DeM 


J V 


M 


TR, 

DR 

NG, 

NK 


NT, 

ND 


Triple-Units. 



KR, 

NGR 

KL 

nNKR 

DT, _ 

TING 

DD 

~ DING 


MT 

MN ^ 

'-MD 


SM 



BL 



FL, 

VL 


85. Although the blends ten, den, tern, dem , 
are pronounced as syllables, the minor vowels 
occurring between the blended sounds are 
omitted from the shorthand outlines, while the 
blends ent, emt, emd are pronounced as sylla¬ 
bles, the vowel preceding the combination is 
seldom omitted. 







74 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


Illustration. 


bond 


timid 


deemed 

— 

sudden 


doomed 


tenor 

— 


86. The past tense of emp has the sound of 
emt and is so expressed in the following man¬ 
ner : 


dump 

pump 

bump 



dumped 

pumped 

bumped 



87. WORD-FORMS. 


send, sent 
and, end, under 

went 

want 

wants 


v_ 


entire 

somewhat 

time 

witness 
sometime 
certain-ly, ty 
denominate 

better 

future 





denomination r 
denote ,— 


wisdom 

upon 

punish-ment 

imp(o)ssible 

(a) 



there, their 
whether 
other 
or, other 
Dr. 




9 




author 
true, truth 
draw 


2 





PART III . TANGENT C0ALE8GENT8. 75 

87a. By joining the word “there” to a 
number of word signs, the various compounds 
are formed. When followed by a downward 
character “thr” is made above the line of writ¬ 
ing. 


thereat 

> _ 

thereby 


thereto 


therefore 

>> 

therein 


thereafter 

J 

thereof 


thereabout 

/ 

88. In phrasing, the words there, their, and 
other, are expressed in the following manner: 

with their 

S 

they are at 


what there 


by their 

/ 

no other 

— 

whether they are 


of their 


which other 


from their 


to their 

- 

had there 


for their 


88a. Scientific Phrase Building. — Prefix 
the following phrases to each of the words be¬ 
low and write a great many times. 

if there 

1 

for there 


but there 


and there 

S 

as there 


than there 



-is, -are, -was, -were, -can, -may, -must, -might, 
-could, -would, -will, -shall, -had, -have 

88b. The blending principle serves as a valu¬ 
able expedient in phrasing, as the words repre¬ 
sented by the alphabetic characters may often 
be joined without the angle, as illustrated 
below. 


76 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


The words “in”, “not”, “at”, and “to” are 
phrased by the blending’ principle in the follow¬ 


ing manner: 


to me 
to my 

to regard 
to roll 


at any 


into 

Vo 

in due 

Vo 

not to 



89. SCIENTIFIC PHRASING. 


ir^* 

to- 

had 

has 

have 



to- 

to- 

to- 

know 


2^ 




meet 


miss 




2S 


mean 


(too) 

much 




make 


reach 


read 




1 —v 

■“3 - 


-4- 


write 


~~A 


receive 


A 


*remit 








fnr Tn 'rvo h 6 « C ' r f 16 ls t ’ Jrned on inside of the tangent 
UncUon frJm 'k o" r K " S a better joining and a Iegible dls - 












PART III. TANGENT C0ALE8CENTS. 77 


89a. Scientific Phrase Building. —A num¬ 
ber of four-word phrases may be obtained 
by prefixing the pronouns I, you, he, it, she, and 
they, to any of the last three above columns 
that will make sense. Try it. Write a great 
many times. (Substitute the word “hope” to 
the second column, also add the pronouns.) 

90. WRITING DRILL. 

I shall be glad to hear from you at-any time you 
may decide to write. I would advise you not-to delay, 
however. The tenant will pay his rent. The thief 
denied his guilt. The truth was the demand of the 
judge. The timid boy would not talk to the man, 
but there was a look of fear on his face. All the 
men were in favor of improving the road. We have 
your letter of this week, but we are-not ready to ship 
the wire. Let me read the letter from Miss Lela 
Allen. The boy will come at-any-time to-meet Ray. 
Let me know when you get the new mill all running, 
and-I-will call to-see it run. John is smoking a vile 
smelling pipe. “Little drops of purpose, little grains 
of poise, make a mighty power, with mighty little 
noise.” 

91. READING EXERCISE. 



<L=> 7 ; / v 






PART III. 


TANGENT COALESCENTS. 


79 




80 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 

















OCT 8 191: 


_ 


' 1 -%^ 

PROGRESSIVE 




LESSONS 


: in : 



c Tangent 


LESSON 6 




















PATENT APPLIED FOR 


While copyright protects all the copyrightable component 
parts of this work against all unlawful use of its composition, 
illustrations and methods, yet to insure further protection, 
patent has been applied for. Said patent application con¬ 
tains specifications of seventeen specific claims covering every 
important feature of the system and methods of arrangement, 
including: the individual alphabetic characters and composite 
outlines as representing respective letters or sound combina¬ 
tions of the language; the method of producing the combina¬ 
tions by joining a straight line and a curve, forming a tangent 
curve; the use of the five pointed star as diagrammatically 
illustrating the principles; the use of the words “tangent” 
and “tangential” as applied to the name and the principles; 
the method of arranging words in marginal columns, and 
placing the shorthand characters immediately following the 
left hand column, and placing the shorthand characters 
immediately preceding the right hand column, and the 
accents forming another column near the center; the 
method of tabulating the language, that is, by placing the 
words of one element which form the grammatical com¬ 
binations of the language in a marginal column, and the 
words of another element at the top or bottom and placing 
the shorthand outlines representing the combination at the 
intersection point of the (real or imaginary) horizontal and 
vertical lines; the proportionate shape and size of the 
book as applied to shorthand and other books consti¬ 
tuting the shorthand and commercial series. 

ORVILLE U. DESHA, Inventor. 


THE DESHA PUBLISHING CO. 
Fort Collins, Colorado 


gCLA320832 



PART III. TANGENT COALESCENTS. 81 


LESSON 6 

Copyright 1912 by Orville U. Desha. 

SECTION 14 

Rem. 1.—In constructing the system, care was exer¬ 
cised in assigning curves of the same convexity to repre¬ 
sent coalescent sounds in order that the angle may be 
eliminated and the blended character produced by one 
stroke of the pen. The characters curved in the same 
direction also afford the most natural method for the in¬ 
sertion of vowels that often occur between the same char¬ 
acters. This prevents a compound curve, which is equal 
to two strokes, and the difficulty in inserting the vowels 
necessitating three strokes. 




92. The following classification will receive 
attention at this point: 

Blended ( Regular; GR, GL, DD. 
Consonants ( Transposed; MN, MM. 

Aspirate ( Regular; KR, KL, PR, TD. 
Consonants ( Transposed; DT. 

Eliminate the angle between their alpha¬ 
betic characters, as previously indicated, to form 
triple-unit characters of all the combinations 
presented in this section. 

Rem. 2.—It will be found more convenient to form a 
triple-unit straight upward-line when R follows the letter 
P. The alphabetic characters for T and D are joined, 
forming a long horizontal line representing the syllables 
fed, dcd, det, and did. 


GR 

GL 


KR 


KL 


MeN 

MeM 

PR 


TeD 

DeD 

DeT 


growth 

glee 

croup 

cloth 

many 

minimum 

preach 

tedious 

dedicate 

detach 














82 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


Rem. 1. —When L follows a curve, as has been noted, 
the character remains more deeply curved than when 
followed by R, thus a distinction is observed. In practical 
writing, however, should the character for GL. resemble 
that for GR, or the character for KL resemble that for 
KR, there should be no confusion in reading, as the ele¬ 
mentary sounds are of different classes. 

Rem. 2. —DeT is used at the beginning of words, as in 
detach, detail, and is thus distinguished from DeD, TeD, 
which occur at the end of words. 

92a. Write the following word-list a great 
many times: 


gram 


glide 


groin 


grown 


graduation 


~ r glitter 


grandeur 


cave 


crone 

cleat 

crank 


croak 

month 

human 


clang 


course 


omen 

many 

temple 

preach 

autocrat 


prudent 

pride 

detain 

deduct 

menace 


creature 

credence 

crisis 


acumen 


manage 


eminence 



cry 


crown 


-o> emanate 
mention 


decrease 


emanation 


decree 


maintain 












PART III . TANGENT COALESCENTS. 


83 


decry 

corporation 

liquor 

seated 

auditor 

romance 

demon 

lucre 


T3 CD 


correspondence 

woman 

legal 

ominous 

famine 

Roman 

automobile 

cruel 


- 7 > 



93. WORD-FORMS. 


great 

did 

good will 

men 

glad 

equal 

principle-al 

poro po y» - 

occur 

— ^ dutv 

tdl tJ, tal — 

■'s U UL LJ 

quality /•- 

credit 


94. SCIENTIFIC PHRASING. 


to do 


what to do 

to day 

■-r> 

how did you 

to draw 

--- 

had to do 

to deal 


he is to do 


94(7. Scientific Phrase Building. —After 
mastering the following grammatical phrases, 
prefix the pronouns I, we, you, it, they, he, and 
she to all that make sense. Write a great many 
times. 











DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 
to do to draw to day to deal 




94&. In phrasing, ent may be employed to 
express the word “want”, ents for “wants”, 
and the phrase “to do” may be added by the 
blending principle. Write the following gram¬ 
matical phrases a great many times: 



want 

want 

want 

want 



you-r 

to 

to do 

I 

-v 





you 







we 




they 




94c. 

P 


wants wants 
you 



wants wants 

to to do 


she 3_ t 


^ O ^_ D 

o 


he 




‘-o 


it 




















PART III. TANGENT COALESCENTS. 85 


94(7. Substitute the phrases “to draw” and 
to deal” in the last column and write a great 
many times. 


“I DO NOT.” 

94c. The phrase I do not is probably the 
most common three-word phrase in the lan¬ 
guage. When followed by a pronoun, do not 
is represented by the blended dn x . When de¬ 
sired, don’t is distinguished from do not by 
writing dnt. D snt indicates doesn’t. 

94 f. 


do not don’t 



we- 


they- 


94 g. 


does not 


doesn’t 


it- 


she- 

he- 



94 A Scientific Phrase Building.—Affix the 
words see, like, think, regard, know, to the 

above grammatical phrases, and write a great 
many times. 

95. WRITING DRILL. 

The man of few-words doesn’t have to take many 
of them back. Courtesy is but another name for 
tact. Minnie Mills was seen on board the-ship which 
seeps water. In an hour the boat had reached the 
shore. Will they require this bill the bookkeeper 
made out for them today? The firm may-draw 
thru-our bank at-any-time they-will let us know the 
day it-will have to be paid. Please go into detail 
in regard to the bill before the house as we have-to- 
know how to vote. He had-to-read what we have to- 
write. The principal business of the auditor is to 
report the affairs of the corporation. The lucre of 
graft corrupts the jury. 









86 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


96. READING EXERCISE. 
















PART III. TANGENT COALESCENTS. 87 


SECTION 15 

97. Section 15 is devoted to the following 
classification of sound representation: 

Coalescent [Regular; BL, YL. 

Consonants \Transposed; LB, JJ. 

Aspirate rRegular; SIIL, FL, SIIR. 
Consonants \ 

Aspirate Con- r Regular; SPIRE, SIIRI, SPIRU. 
sonant Vocals\ 


97 a. Eliminate the angle between the alpha¬ 
betic characters of the combinations given in 
this section, as previously indicated, forming 
tangents or curves as the case may be, to repre¬ 
sent their coalescent sounds. 


SHL X shall Z' 




SHR S 

SHRE, I 5 

SHRU £ 


travel 

shriek 

shred 
shrew g 



Rem. 1.—Downward coalescent triple-unit characters 
extend through the line of writing, and are thus distin¬ 
guished from the individual triple-units representing only 
one elementary sound. 

Rem. 2.—A distinction in the length of the character 
for FL and VL is unnecessary, as the F and V are of a 
different elementary class, hence the context will always 
determine the sound intended. 


975. Write the following words a great 
many times: 


bushel 

^ ■ 

initial 

-r 

shriek 


shrub 

f 

shrieker 


leisure 

f 


88 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


shrill 

official 

shelter 

financial 



befall 

velveteen 

gravel 



blizzard 

blond 

blouse 

Blanche 

blank 



sheriff 

shred 

shrine 

valuable 

careful 

blink 

sibilant 

blackball 

blue 

blade 

Grable 

feeble 


98. WORD-FORMS. 



shall 

r 

value-d 

y 

will she 

r 

influential-ly 


judge 

/ 

judicial-ly 


flight 

J 

surely 

/ 

oblige-ation 

able, ability 

/ 

/ 

measure 

machinery 

—/ 


SCIENTIFIC PHRASING. 


99. In phrasing, the character representing 
the words “will” and “well” may precede J, 
B, F, and Y in the following manner: 


will judge 



will find 


will be 


will follow 


will have 


will favor 



PART III. TANGENT CO ALE SCENTS. 89 


This also avoids an angle when the above or 
similar blends are preceded by the pronouns. 
(See 78, 80a, 80b, 80c.) 


99a. will will will will will 

judge be have find show 

■’ / / J J / 

/ 

- / / ; j ; 

- { / J J / 

« / / 7 ; 7 

- f / J J t 

99 b. icr will he will you will 

he will you will she 



show 




/ 


? ; / 


judge 


90 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


NOTE.—Pronounce the following words in parentheses 
first, follow with the phrase at head of column, end with 
the margin J “* T 

99 c. 


(for) 

judge 


(if) 

be 


(as) 

have 


(but) 
find 

(whether) 
show 

99 d. Scientific Phrase Building. — By 

changing each of the words in parentheses 
to appear opposite each of the five horizontal 
lines will form a complete list of 100 grammat¬ 
ical phrases. White a great many times. 

100. WRITING DRILL. 

I will be out of the county for a few days, so you 
may not look for me in town. I will write you if I 
get back before you come. Yours truly. 

We shall-give Miss Gray all she may earn in the 
office by writing letters for Crane and Company. The 
bill will-be mailed to the corporation on the tenth 
day of May, for them to sign. Surely you shall not 
have to wait for-your money (mene). The captain 
gave a loud shriek when the ship sunk. The blond 
maiden had blue eyes. I shall use my initial when 
I sign my name. Miss Grable is now in town. Surely 
the judge has the ability to decide what bearing the 
law has upon the case. The sheriff was careful to 
arm the police. 

Review (99c). For I will judge, as I will judge, 
as she will judge, but they will find, if you will be, if 
they will show. 


ord. Ex. xor i win juuge 


-I 

will 


-she 

will 


-they 

will 


-you 

will 




PART III. TANGENT COALESGENTS. 91 


SECTION 16 

102. The facile or tangential manner an¬ 
other variety of consonants and aspirates join, 
great brevity of outline may be further ob¬ 
tained by omitting a minor vowel without de¬ 
tracting from the legibility of the writing, as 
TV=tive in native, DF=def in defect or 
FN fen in fennel. The vowel sound omitted 
is usually of a short duration and is seldom 
enunciated in rapid speaking. This principle 
may be applied to the following classification 
of sound representations: 

p + fDV, RV, VN, 

Consonants I DNG; NGR dNGR. 

Blends (j ND; BND. 

Aspirate Blends—TF. 

rTV, DF, RF, 

Aspirate- KRF, KRV, JNT, 

Consonants BNT, FN, FM, TNG, 

NKR, NKTHR, KNKR. 

102 a. Write the following a great many 
times: 


Pronounce 

as 

syllables 


Composed 

of 


Words 

TiF 


tf 

y 

Tiffinny 

TiV 


tv 

'- = D 

native 

DeF 


df 

y 

defect 

DeV 


dv 


divide 

RE 


r 

2. 

refine 

ReF 

P 

rf 

y 

refute 

ReV 

9 

rv 

y- 

revert 

KReF 

y 

krf 

P 

careful 

KReV 

y 

krv 

y 

crevice 

JeNT, D 

c 

jnt, d 

c 

genteel 



92 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


BeNT, D 

C 

bnt, d 


bent 

FAN 

4 

fan 

L 

fancy 

FAM 

<4 

fam 

C 

famish 

Van 

L 

van 

p 

vanish 

FeN 

l 

fn 

A 

1 

fennel 

FeM 

L 

fm 

A 

femoral 

FiN 

l 

fn 

c 

finish 

Rem. 1.— 

-Tive generally occurs at 

i 

the end 

of words 


in motive, attentive, and can not be confused with def or 
dev which usually occur at the beginning of words. Care 
should be taken not to curve the T or D in forming the 
above combinations. 

Rem. 2. —The letter R may represent the prefix RE and 
also join without an angle when followed by F or V. 

Rem. 3. —The relative length of the alphabetic char¬ 
acters should be carefully observed in forming the combi¬ 
nations to insure legibility in reading. 

Rem. 4.—When the downward characters are preceded 
by a horizontal stroke they drop below the line of writing; 
when followed by a horizontal stroke, they are made above 
the line. 

103. PROGRESSIVE EXERCISE. 


edifice 

V 

active 


defame 


revenge 


reflect 

JZ 

reverse 

P 

reform 

2, 

review 

s? 

reveal 

p 

reveal 


revise 

P 

cogent 


Gentile 

C 

* 

bent 

C 

legend 

c 

bend 

c 

genteel 

c 

band 

pp 

bandage 

4 

r. 

bind 

PL 

benumb 


benign 

* C^p—' 

fence 

4 

famish 


famine 

<v. 

feminine 

L*. 



PART III. TANGENT COALESCENTS. 


93 


religion 

*D 

difficult-y 

2 

objective 


definite 

:? 

imagine-ation 

~Z 

whatever 

/ 

differ / ent 
\ ence 

y 

region 

■z. 

familiar, from 

<L 

develop-ment 



104. Combine the characters for NK, NG 
with the alphabetic characters for T or D, form¬ 
ing a triple-unit character, the end of which 
drops slightly below the line of writing, to ex¬ 
press INKT, INGD, TING, or DING. 


TING \ 


doing 


DING \ 


' " 

thwart 


bolt 

Z 

thwarting 


bolting 

Z_ 

cheat 


cheating 



104a. In phrasing, DING may represent the 
word “doing’ * in the following manner: 


doing the 
doing this 

doing all 
doing as 
doing more 


doing his 
doing your 


doing my 


doing well 
doing good 


1045. NKT and NGD may be expressed by 
disjoining NK in the following manner: 


hang 

=_ 

hanged 

z> _ 

bank 

/ 

banked 


link 


linked 



104c. It will be observed that to combine 
either of the characters for ING, INK, or DING 



94 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


with either of the characters for R, or TIIeR 
without an angle, a triple-unit reclining tangent 
will be the scientific result. Therefore, to apply 
the angle eliminating principle to' these combi¬ 
nations, the result is that the same character 
will represent the respective sounds inger, 
inker, ing-ther, dinger, or ding-tlier. Experi¬ 
ence has proven that this reclining tangent may 
be utilized to represent its composite sounds 
without confusion in reading. It will be dis¬ 
covered that this character always appears at 
the end of words or phrases and is therefore 
easily executed. The first part of the word or 
phrase in which the character occurs will de¬ 
termine the specific ending sound. When prop¬ 
erly applied, there are but few characters equal 
to this in contributing to the speed quality of 
the System. 

To combine the alphabetic form for K to 
that produced by joining INK with R or THeR, 
the capacity of the triple-unit reclining tangent 
is further increased to represent KINKeR or 
KINK-THeR. The difference in the length of 
the original characters is disregarded when the 
tangent is produced. 


INGeR 

INKeR 



DINGeR 

DING-THeR 



ING-THeR 


INK-THeR 


KINKeR 


KINK-THeR 


(inger) 

(inker) 

(dinger) 

(ding-ther) 

(ing-ther) 

(ink-ther) 

(kinker) 

(kink-ther) 


104d. WORDS. 


linger 

sinker 

winker 


banker 

finger 



inker 


PART III. TANGENT COALESCENTS. 95 


tinker 

—° 

kinker 

blinker 

a 

clinger 

canker 


conquer 


SCIENTIFIC PHRASING. 


105. In phrasing, the long reclining tan¬ 
gent may be employed to represent the respect¬ 
ive sounds, inger, dinger, ding-ther, king-ther, 
etc., in the following manner: 

^ their their 


doing- 

loading- 

banking- 



cooking- 

v/ielding- 

giving- 

showing- 



taking- 

ending- 



having- 


seeing- 

lying- 



building- 

reading- 

booking- 

welding- 



inking- 

going- 



106. WRITING DRILL. 

How many exciting times they must have had. 
Jane Tiffinny is a native of this county. The finish 
was the exciting time of the race. Bill is a very gen¬ 
teel gentleman. In trade, there is no difference in 
the greed of the Jew and the greed of the Gentile. 
The “Morning Review” is a daily newspaper. I read 
about the great famine in the old world. The clinker 
choked the flue. The tinker broke his finger while 
he attempted to conquer the wild horse. 

Review No. 105: doing their, reading their, see¬ 
ing their, having their, wielding their, giving their, 
banking their, going their, inking their, ending their, 
taking their, cheating their, beating their, kicking 
their. 





96 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


READING EXERCISE. 

106f/. In phrasing, the final sound of one 
word may blend with the initial sound of the 
following word as, you-l-inger=y ou-will-lin- 
ger, I will linger, they will linger, it will linger, 
she will linger. 





c f' 






P 


J 


o ^-o t Vo 


r 


v _ 





o 




/7s 


& 


^3>, 







cV p 

1 P 






"*=> v 


y 


O 


y 



y 


/ 


V 


o' 


^ <=\ 








OCT 8 1912 




PROGRESSIVE 

LESSONS 


: in 



c Tangent 

oH^TH^ND 


LESSON r 



















PATENT APPLIED FOR 


While copyright protects all the copyrightable component 
parts of this work against all unlawful use of its composition, 
illustrations and methods, yet to insure further protection, 
patent has been applied for. Said patent application con¬ 
tains specifications of seventeen specific claims covering every 
important feature of the system and methods of arrangement, 
including: the individual alphabetic characters and composite 
outlines as representing respective letters or sound combina¬ 
tions of the language; the method of producing the combina¬ 
tions by joining a straight line and a curve, forming a tangent 
curve; the use of the five pointed star as diagrammatically 
illustrating the principles; the use of the words “ tangent ” 
and “ tangential ” as applied to the name and the principles; 
the method of arranging words in marginal columns, and 
placing the shorthand characters immediately following the 
left hand column, and placing the shorthand characters 
immediately preceding the right hand column, and the 
accents forming another column near the center; the 
method of tabulating the language, that is, by placing the 
words of one element which form the grammatical com¬ 
binations of the language in a marginal column, and the 
words of another element at the top or bottom and placing 
the shorthand outlines representing the combination at the 
intersection point of the (real or imaginary) horizontal and 
vertical lines; the proportionate shape and size of the 
book as applied to shorthand and other books consti¬ 
tuting the shorthand and commercial series. 

ORVILLE U. DESHA, Inventor. 


THE DESHA PUBLISHING CO. 
Fort Collins, Colorado 


Q CL A 3 2 0 8 3 2 




PART III. TANGENT COALESCENTS. 97 


LESSON 7 

Copyright 1912 by Orville U. Desha. 


SECTION 17 

COMPOUND CURVE ELIMINATION. 

108. With this unique angle eliminating 
system, the acute angle and the compound curve 
which connect some reverse consonants, may 
also be eliminated. To eliminate both a com¬ 
pound curve and an acute angle with one inflec¬ 
tion of the pen, and the characters retain their 
usual form, is the climax of this wonderful 
angle eliminating series. The following is an 
illustration of this principle: 





a 


M 


By the application of this principle—elimi¬ 
nating the acute angle and compound curve by 
executing the R with the negative motion—the 
following useful sound representations are ob¬ 
tained : 


Pronpunce as 
syllables 



DeNeR 

eNDeR V^> 
eNTeR 
eMPeR 

MBeR 


composed 

of 


mar 

mar 

menr 

minr 

ten r 
tin r 

den r 
din r 

end r 
k a nd r 

ent r 
ent r 

mp r 
d a mp r 

mb r 

ch a mb r 




(words) 

mar 

Minner 

tinner 

dinner 



98 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


108a. PROGRESSIVE EXERCISE. 


reformer 

martin 

mart 

lumber 

timber 



march 

martins 

improve-ment 




hamper 

champer 


109. WRITING DRILL. 

The smart young man will go on the road, and 
he-may do a great business for-us. Mr. Grant will 
prepare to cry off the auction sale. 

He-will-enter into the work with a firm manner. 
Mr. Martin went to the city of Dent to attend a lodge 
dinner during March. Dr. Smith went with him. 
The rain fell in torrents during the entire day, which 
made it somewhat disagreeable for him to return. 
The punishment was soon forgotten. The maid sent 
for her other hat. It is impossible for me to be at 
the teachers’ meeting on the day you mentioned, but 
you may send me the report, as I will want it for the 
May issue of the “News Letter.” Draw a draft on me 
payable at the bank for your fee. The witness swore 
that he was in the “crow’s nest” of the ship, on the 
lookout for probable danger, when the ship ran upon 
the rock. He said it was impossible for him to state 
whether the ship was going beyond the required 
limit. 

109«. READING EXERCISE. 











PART III. TANGENT COALESCENTS. 


99 


SECTION 18 

SHUN, ETC. 

110. The alphabetic character for SH rep¬ 
resents shun (tion, sion, cian, tian, etc.), and the 
various shun combinations are obtained in the 
following manner : 


-SHUN 

r 

(sh) 


action 

-SHUNR 

5 

(shr) 


commis- 
r sioner 

-SHUNL 

r 

(shl) 


positional 

-LSHUN 

r 

(Ish) 

sT 

application 

-eSSHUN 

- 

(send) 


sensation 

-ESSHUNT 

- 

(SeNT) 


realization 

-SASHUNAL 

7 

(sa shl) 


conver¬ 

sational 

HENSHUN 

<2 _' 

(en) 

■ appre¬ 
hension 

-SESSHUN 


(ses sent) 


possession 

-SESSHUNS 

^7 

(ses ents) 


possessions 


111. PROGRESSIVE EXERCISE. 


caution 


processional 

fashion 

l 

conventional 

mansion 

V 7 

emulation 

ration 

rational 

session 


compassion 

decision 

-V 

discussion 

comprehend 


compensation 

comprehension ^ 


compensational 


V 

9 





100 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


objection 


direction 

publication 

'f 

duration 

generalization 

C_ 

recollection 

representation 


mention 

persuasion 


formation 

association 


affection 

suggestion 


description 


~s —> 




112. WRITING DRILL. 


The national (n shl) convention is always an in¬ 
teresting event. The conventional reports are always 
read with intense enthusiasm. As a final decision, 
the rational prince will build his mansion in modern 
fashion. The suggestion for the publication of the 
paper was duly received. Mail me a complete de¬ 
scription of the formation of that composition. 


113. READING EXERCISE. 



^ ^ ^ ^ > 














PART IV. SOID COALESCENTS. 


101 


Part IV 

SECTION 19 

SOID COALESCENTS. 

114. This section is devoted to the S-con- 
sonant and aspirate coaleseent sounds accord¬ 
ing to the following classification of sound rep¬ 
resentation : 

S-Coalescent 
Aspirates 

S-Aspirate 
Consonants 

S-Coalescent 
Consonants 

Of the S combination, next in importance to the 
S-Aspirate Vocals are the above S-consonant and aspirate 
coalescents. In harmony with the unique method of repre¬ 
senting the tangential aspirate vocals, the tangential 
feature is extended further in producing all the S-Coales¬ 
cent Aspirates, S-Aspirate consonants and S-Coalescent 
consonants. 


( Regular; SP, SK, ST, 
l CT, SST. 

f Regular; SL, CL, XP, XK, 
XT, STNG, SNG, 

[ STR, SKW. 

| Regular; XL, ZL, ZD. 


Diagrammatic Illustration. 

It will be observed that the little Soids projecting from 
the tangent circle to the pentagon angle are now restored 
to their original appearance in the star in order that they 
may point in the same direction and be made with the 
same movement of the respective straight lines of the 
system. See Figs. a323, b323. 



o- ST XT or ZD 



114f/. The Soid so turned blends with the 
alphabetic characters for P, T, D, NG, NK and 
L expressing their respective coaleseent sounds 
without increasing the length of the Soid. 

Rem. 1.—The characters so blended are written on the 
line of writing when written alone or preceding other 
strokes. 

Rem. 2.—As previously explained, the alphabetic or 
vertical Soid may also represent the soft C or Z sounds, 
therefore, it will be observed that when S is blended with 
the other characters, their respective eXP, eXT, CL or 
ZD sounds may likewise be expressed. When a distinction 
is desired, a stroke beneath will indicate the sound of X 
or Z. 




102 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


114:1). The Soid so pointed as to blend 
with P will likewise blend with K, thus express¬ 
ing SK. 


Pronounce 

as 

Syllables 


SP 

EXP 

eSK 

EXK 

ST —■ 

XT - 

EXT <7- 

ZD _ 

SEXT d- 

SIST ^ 

SUST l. 

SL / 

SeL / 

EXL 9 

CeL / 

ZeL / 

* STING . \ 
SING 


Composed 

of 


sp 

kl a sp 

esp 
esp Ir 

sk 

d e sk 
esk 

esk u s 
st 

st e m 
st 

k 6 xt 
est 

est end 
sd 

b ii zd 

sest 
sest nt 

s i st 
s i st n 

s st 
s st n 

si 

si e p 
si 

si er 

e si 
e si 

si 

sla r 
si 

si u s 
stng 

k 6 sting 
sng 

kl 6 sing 


S 




6 

? 

qr 


Words 

clasp 

expire 

desk 

excuse 

steam 


—coaxed 

j-v_ extend 

^ buzzed 

eK_ sextant 

Sistine 

sustain 


sleep 

seller 

excel 

slayer 

zealous 

costing 

closing 


XING *™g >-- mixing 

m i xing 

*By turning ST to blend with ng expresses 
STING. 

114c. The angle eliminating principle may 
be further applied (as indicated by the dotted 
line) between ST and R, diminishing the char- 





PART IV. SOID COALESGENTS. 103 

acter to a minute tangent to express STR or 
STeR. 


STR 

STeR 


str ^ 

str Ip c 

str 

t 6 str ^ 


strip 

toaster 


114d. SP and SK are never confused, as 
they very seldom precede or follow the same 
sounds when joined to other characters of 
words, hence the context will readily determine 
whether sp or sk was intended, as “He wore a 
masp (mask) ” or “The wask (wasp) stung the 


boy.” 



mask 


wasp 

bespeak 


grasp 

expect 


desk 

frisk 


brisk 

lisp 


bask 

skate 

— 

cask 

spade 


crisp 

despot 

—„ 

gospel 

whisper 

5- 

.despair 

trespass 

_ 

aspire 


/ 




115. When the S precedes QU, the sound 
produced equals eSKW (SQU), therefore the 
W sound is expressed in the usual manner by 
placing the SK Soid in the W position. 


SQUA 

*7? 

slew 

slew 

a ^ 

a (5)1) / 

squab 

SQUO 


slew 

slew 

0 

6 t 

squat 

SQUE 

"o 

slew 

slew 

e 

e le N 

squeak 


104 


DESHA T AN GENT SHORTHAND. 


SQUI skw i ^ esquire 

a skw i r 

SQUAR - c f k l %. ^ square 

SQUAL Hi -cr squall 


Rem. —SP never appears immediately before W, hence 
SP Soid never appears in the W position. 


116. PROGRESSIVE EXERCISE. 


clasp 

expire 

sext 

explain 

explore 

expel 

spuds 

steam 

buzzed 

fixed 

next 

spark 

sport 

harvest 

sought 

dressed 

fizzed 

coaxed 

necessity 




•z 

s 


<£ 

J 


2 


J 


cistern 

sextant 

sexton 

sextile 

sist 

sextan 

Sistine 

sustain 

sustenance 

casting 

toasting 

testing 

costing 

mixing 


cM 3 


A 


tacit 

classing 

coasting 

dusting 

resting 




PART IV. SOID COALESCENTS. 


105 


affixed 

occulist 

mixed 

exhaust 

quizzed 

stir 

lister 

speech 

spurt 

speaker 

specimen 

specify 

spirit 

splendid 

spices 

speculate 

speculation 

skip 

skill 

school 

skin 

sketch 

skid 

skiff 










singular 

sell 

sleet 

sleep 

sled 

sells 

slur 

squalid 

squeeze 

squeach 

squall 

squeezes 

squeal 

squad 

square 

squaw 

exquisite 

spy 

speck 

spin 

spade 

space 

span 

spake 



o*— 

< 

(A 

Go¬ 

's 







106 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


split 

spend 

spoke 


splice 

splash 

Spanish 


/ 

r 


spare 


speed 

spat 

^ _ closing 

117. 

WORD-FORMS. 

speak 


special-ly 

ask 

C 

spend 

spoke 


expend 

said 

— 

consider 

situation 

~T 

first 

single 

singular-ly 

\ > 

seldom 

sell 

/ 

testimony 

suspect 

suspend 

1 - 

history 

system 

society 

\ u 

astonish-ed 

exist 

r- 

astonishment 

solicit 

L. 

establish-ed 



-ment 

experience 

f 

distinguish 

express j 

expense 1 

; ^ 

prosper ) 

prospect $ 

spirit 

j> 

scare 


r 


J 


< 2 - 


~Sr 





PART IV. SOID COALESCENTS. 


107 


SCIENTIFIC PHRASING. 

118. Many simple, yet useful phrases may 
be formed by applying the Star Tangent Soid 
in the following manner: 


as well 

/ 

is it 

a— 

as said 

L_ 

had said 

Dl 

as well as 

( 

at last 

T 

stay there 

-a. 

at least 



118a. In phrasing, ST may be employed to 
represent the words state or stock, and SeL may 
be employed to indicate the words sell or sill, 
or the syllable sal, in the following manner: 


salute 

stock exchange 
State of Colorado 
New York State 
would sell 
we would sell 
stock holder 
common stock 
whole state 


-fc> 



stock yard 

— 

State of Kansas 


this state 


state of the case 

—__ 

window sill 


door sill 

_^ 

preferred stock 


the state 

j. 

wholesale 



118 b. STR may be employed to indicate 
the word street. (The Y stroke is employed 
to indicate the word avenue.) 


Deer Street 


10th Street 


Dent Street 


Star Street 






State Street 


State Avenue 




108 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


118c. In phrasing, -sp may be joined to 
represent the words express or expense, in the 
following manner : 


to express 
the express 




labor expense 
the express expense 
expense bill 


i 

/ 


American Express 
Adams Express 
Wells Fargo Express 
will express 
will you express 


✓ 


SCIENTIFIC PHRASING. 


118c/. Write the following grammatical 

phrases a great many times: 

118e 5 can will would may 

^ express express express express 







PART IV. SOID COALESGENTS. 


109 


118f. tcj 1 we- they- I- 


you- 


speak 






spoke 




& 


said 




sell ’ / 


i 


1 


9 


spent 


store 


(re¬ 


stored 


*3^TL. 




an 


CTC_ 


118fir. speaks states spent stores 

q 

he- 


cr - 3 


she- 


/» ^ 


1187i. 


his 

state 


the 

state 


the 

street 


the 

store 


of- 


*L 


for- 


from- 


■z « 


( i 




4 4 4 


to- 




about- 







110 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


118b In phrasing, often the initial sound 

of a word may blend with the final sound of 

the preceding word in the following manner: 

must must must 
q must gtate sell send 



y° u - Q _ ? Q_Q._ /> Q. _ 



118;. Scientific Phrase Building. —Affix 
the words do, go, give, find, have, and ship, 
to the first column; where, when, and how 
to the second column; it, our, my, and your, to 
the third column, and your, his, more, in, to the 
last column, and write a great many times. 

119. WRITING DRILL. 

Dave said, “The little yellow hat is very neat.” 
A pleasant speaker gave an address at the opera 
house on the first of the month, to a large audience. 
Each class at school has a spirit of regard for the 
speaker, though his speech was not made with the 
vim of an orator. It sometimes takes a quick-witted 
man to go slowly. Use your head more and your feet 
less. Anyone [n-u-n] can chase business—the wise 
man heads-it off. We may as-well-see who-will-show 
us the cheap chains the firm made. 

The sleigh ran slowly over the snow. It scared 
the horse and made him snort, and the next day the 
steed had-to stay at home, so did my sleigh. 

She will not impose a task on the masses. The 
spy was at the-league. You may see him at the steel 
gate. The space in the paper was filled with sad 
news of the shipwreck. Owing to the snow storm 
which crossed the East Gulf, we failed to ship the 
cars of wheat we sold to the Star Line of St. Paul. 
The strong board will not break with the weight of 
the boat. The magazine article was written by re¬ 
quest of the editor’s wife while she was in France. 




PART IV. SOID COALESCENTS. 


Ill 


120. READING EXERCISE. 



( 2 ^ 






(T 









- ^ ^ 












112 DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 














OCT 8 



































PROGRESSIVE 

LESSONS 


: in : 



c Tangent 

oH^^H^ND 


LESSON 8 



















PATENT APPLIED FOR 


While copyright protects all the copyrightable component 
parts of this work against all unlawful use of its composition, 
illustrations and methods, yet to insure further protection, 
patent has been applied for. Said patent application con¬ 
tains specifications of seventeen specific claims covering every 
important feature of the system and methods of arrangement, 
including: the individual alphabetic characters and composite 
outlines as representing respective letters or sound combina¬ 
tions of the language; the method of producing the combina¬ 
tions by joining a straight line and a curve, forming a tangent 
curve; the use of the five pointed star as diagrammatically 
illustrating the principles; the use of the words “ tangent ” 
and “ tangential ” as applied to the name and the principles; 
the method of arranging words in marginal columns, and 
placing the shorthand characters immediately following the 
left hand column, and placing the shorthand characters 
immediately preceding the right hand c®!umn, and the 
accents forming another column near the center; the 
method of tabulating the language, that is, by placing the 
words of one element which form the grammatical com¬ 
binations of the language in a marginal column, and the 
words of another element at the top or bottom and placing 
the shorthand outlines representing the combination at the 
intersection point of the (real or imaginary) horizontal and 
vertical lines; the proportionate shape and size of the 
book as applied to shorthand and other books consti¬ 
tuting the shorthand and commercial series. 

ORVILLE U. DESHA, Inventor. 


THE DESHA PUBLISHING CO. 
Fort Collins, Colorado 


£ Gl.A320832 

%o v 




PART IV. SOID COALESOENTS. 


113 


LESSON 8 

Copyright 1912 by Orville U. Desha. 

SECTION 20 

121. When vowels are reversed to indicate 
R-vocals followed by an L sound, the plural is 
expressed by the L-Soid. As previously indi¬ 
cated, the stroke for the slanting Soid is dimin¬ 
ished to a minute tick character which serves 
as a legible distinction from L. 


girl 

sr 

rural 

T 3 

girls 


rurals 


curl 


twirl 

"7® 

curls 


twirls 

—A 

pearl 

yf 

moral 


pearls 

y* 

morals 

_ _ 


122. In such words as rail, roll, L coalesces 
with the vowel, hence the vowel is reversed to 
express the L sound, as r-al=rail, r-ol—roll. 
But when the plural sound is added the L 
sounds then blend with the S, as r-a-ls=rails, 
r-o-ls -rolls; therefore the half-circle is re¬ 
versed to express the L sound in the root word, 
and the L-Soid is used to express the {dural. 
This principle applies only where the preceding 
consonant is a curve. Study the following and 
review 75 at the same time. 


rail 

-"C* 

squall 


rails 

-"p 

squalls 

^7 

roll 

C 

mail 

— c 

rolls 

y> 

mails 

—✓ 

veil 

J 

nail 


veils 

J 

nails 

— 

call 

- -£ 

scale 

st' 

calls 


scales 

si 


114 DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 

123. The possessive form of words, letters, 
and figures may be distinguished from the 
plural form by the Soid when desired in the 
following manner: 


poets 

tens 


poets’ 

ten’s 


7’s 7 

schools 

J? 

6’s ( 

schools’ 

J? 

n’s 

banks 

/ 

t’s —* 

banks’ 

/ 

124. TeD, DeD, and often ED, 

at the 


of long words to denote the past tense, may be 
expressed by placing T close to or beneath the 
preceding character. STeD may be expressed 
by ST.; and SPeD by SP; and SKeD by SK, in 
the same manner. 


attended 

omitted 

shouted 

detected 

masked 




& — - 


clasp 

clasped 

feast 

feasted 

gasped 


J 

J. 


125. At the beginning of a word S coalesces 
with pr or kr forming the digraphs spr, skr. 
To avoid an angle sp and sk may begin below 
the line of writing. 


SPR 

spry 

SKR 



scroll 

sprawl 

scrag 

spray 

scrap 

spree 

screak 





PART IV. SOID COALESCENTS. 


115 


spring 


screech 


sprang 


scrip 


Rem.—A s note books are usually ruled, a very facile 
character for these initial syllables are the result. Should 
it occur that unruled paper is used, the Soid may join Kr 
or pr with the angle; or the character for spr begun its 
lull length below the line of writing will insure legibility 
in reading. * 


SCIENTIFIC PHRASING. 

126. When the word ‘‘as” is repeated in a 
clause, it may be represented by s. When con¬ 
venient the Soid may blend with the following 
consonant sound as in “as well as” repre¬ 
sented by SLS. 


as much as 


as great as 


as long as 


as many as 

-—- 

as low as 


as far as 


as good as 

s' 

as well as 

< 

12 6a. 

In phrasing, 

the words “are 

” and 


“our” are added by a final R sound, in the 
following manner: 


to our 
may our 

we are 

why our 


by our 
you are 


A 


crw 


can our 


but to our 


127. WRITING DRILL. 


My wagon has wheels with wooden spokes. The 
stars shine from the-clear-sky when all day-light 
vanishes. The steam pipe extends all-round the wall 
and all the rust was cut off with oil. We will say 
why-our League team did not go to your place. We 
went to another town. May our boys go as-well-as 
yours. He gave his sweetheart a ring set with pearls. 
The lost pearl was found. While the train runs, the 
wheels roll smoothly on the rails. 

Mr. Charles Clark, 

St. Charles, Mo. 

Dear Sir: 

The clasp on the slide door of the office desk in 
the League Building broke this morning, and should 
be glad if you will send me another by the first of 
the month, so we may screw it on while at the meet¬ 
ing. Yours truly, 





116 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


128. READING EXERCISE. 

S* ._. > P ■■ 







q s -f ^ N 

_ „-- v_ip 






^ 
"^> x 

Q . 


<V 


7^ N ^ 

. v. _> d 

//o' 


*o 




"> \ 


q A 


/ 

q 


^ S 

* ' s' 


y 




r 

■ Z 







PART V. EXPEDIENTS. 


117 


Part V 

EXPEDIENTS 

SECTION 21 

INDICATION OF ING. 

129. The plural of ing (mgs) may be indi¬ 
cated by placing the Soid in the ing position. 
Sings, xings, and stings may be indicated by 
placing the sting Soid in like manner. Ingly 
is expressed by the L-vocal loop, Ington by TN, 
and Ingham by HA, placed in the ing position. 


(Syllables) 

(Disjoined) 

(Words) 

ING 

(ing) 


dealing 

INGS 

(ings) 


dealings 

SINGS 

(sings) 

\ 


facings 

XINGS 

. (xings) 

\ 


fixings 

STINGS 

.^ (stings) 

\ 

castings 

INGLY 

(ingLY) 

0 

y 

feelingly 

INGTON 

. (ingTN) 

•5^ 

Huntington 

INGHAM 

^ (ingHA) — 

Dillingham 

130. 

PROGRESSIVE EXERCISE. 

dustings 


restings 


feelings 

• 

Wellington 


flashings 

/ 

Washington 

* 

tailings 

— 

Lexington 

9^ 

feelingly 


Birmingham b 

<**• 

meaningly 

' — * 

Cunningham - — 

lingeringly 


Effingham 












118 DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 

SCIENTIFIC PHRASING. 

131. The word “a” may be placed after a 
character to indicate ing. “ sing-with’“sting- 
with”, “xing-with” may be expressed by 
placing the sting Soid in the same manner. 


know- 


ing 


a 

chang- 

s'- 

ing 

/*■ 

a 

hav- 

y 

ing 

/ 

a 

do- 

— 

ing 


. a 

fu- 

0/ 

ssing 


with 

bur- 


sting 

* 

with 

mi- 


xing 


with 

du- 


sting 

—^ro 

with 


131a. The affix ing followed by a word-sign 
may be expressed by placing the word-sign im¬ 
mediately after or below the outline, in the fol¬ 
lowing manner: 



-ing 

ing 

ing 

ing 

n 

the 

your 

his 

less 

dur- 

_ 






O 

- 

°/ 

see- 


0 0 


0 / 

hav- 


Jo 

A 


know- 



"— ’ 9 

~— J> / 

work- 

^ y 






c ^ 

^ 9 

c 7 

chang- 

<7 

/ "b 

''"Q 

y 





PART V. EXPEDIENTS. 


119 


ing ing 

the your 


his ing 

ing less 


charg- 


5 


z r, r, 


tak- 


y 




131h. In common phrases, it may be found 
more expedient to express the combinations 
ingU by placing the ing dot on the inside of the 
circle: sending-you, putting-your, assuring-you, 
keeping-your. thanking-you, have-you, having- 
you, expressing your. 


V£> 


S 


S 


o 1 oJ 




132. WRITING DRILL. 

You should not do anything to hurt his feelings. 
You should stop fussing with the porter. The house 
maid is dusting-with the broom. She is having-a 
hard time. 

Mr. J. A. Dillingham, 

City. 

Dear Sir: 

In your note of today, you fail to state whether 
you want the single casting or the double castings 
for your engine. The boiler fixings were sent to 
Cunningham and Company, Washington. We sent 
the articles by American Express, and addressed it to 
First Avenue and State Street. We let this particular 
Express Company have the business because we could 
not get low rates from the Adams Express nor the 
Wells-Fargo Express Companies. 

Yours truly, 

133. READING EXERCISE. 



7 / 









120 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


SECTION 22 

THE VERTICAL EXPEDIENT. 

134. While this system is based upon the 
slant of ordinary writing, yet it will be ob¬ 
served that when two downward strokes are 
joined with an angle, or when a vowel inter¬ 
venes, the tendency is to form the last stroke 
with a more vertical inclination. 



Advantage is taken of this expedient in ex¬ 
pressing the past tense T or D sound when 
following a downward character. 


In such words as buff and buffed, believe and believed, 
ail and ailed, etc., the past tense T or D sound immediately 
follows the final consonant of the root word without the 
intervention of a vowel sound. The application of this 
vertical expedient is sufficient to express the past tense of 
such words. 


FT 

/ 

VD 


THT 

* 

LT 


LD 


BD 

f 

SHT 


SHUNT 

—r 

SHUND 


SHT 

L 


buff-ed 

helv-ed 

lath-ed 


i' 

o 

4 


fill, felt 




fell, felled 


jab-bed 

dish-ed 

quotation 

quotient 

passion-ed 


f 




sha’n’t ^ 



PART V. EXPEDIENTS. 


121 


134rt. YT and YD may be employed to repre¬ 
sent the words vent and vend , respectively, in 
the following manner: 


vent, d ) 

preventing 


invent 

vender 




inventing 

prevent 

vendicate 

vendee c) 


1347j. PROGRESSIVE EXERCISE. 

Rem.—T he Reversing principle takes precedent over 
the vertical expedient when a shorter outline may be 
obtained, as in oil, ailed, mold. 


built 

mold 

wield 




boM 


jab 

jabbed 

blushed 

complexion 

complexioned 



f 

/ 



clashed 


bluff 

bluffed 

helved 



0 


melt 

ail 

ailed 

yelled 


c 


jib 

jibbed 

ancient 

patient 

caution 

cautioned 



velvet 

helve 

splashed 





122 DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 

135. WORD-FORMS. 


that, thought 

) 

evident-ence 

°> 

shipped 

( 

being 

/ 

shalt 

( 

hereafter 


without 

. ) . 

perfect-ion 


without any 

> 

'— O 

individual-ly 


136. The contraction of “should not” and 
“shall not” may be expressed by the vertical 
expedient in the following manner: 

q should shouldn’t 

shall sha’n’t 


I- ? 

7 

7 1 


you- /° 

P 

r e 


he- /o 

e 

r C 


she- ^ 

6 

/ i 


they- ^ 


/ i 



it- -r -i -y ~x 
137. WRITING DRILL. 

The spy has been court-martialed. The goods 
will be shipped on the express train. You should 
hereafter see that the express bill is put on the ex¬ 
pense account for the month. You shouldn’t state 
the particular item. I sha’n’t be in Wellington on 
the day of the strike. The wreck shouldn’t have 
occurred on that date. I-will- shout (sht) as loud 
as I can. You shouldn’t go fishing on the Sabbath. 
The villain bluffed his way through the crowd. All 
the evidence produced in the irrigation suit was 
made public, but the defendant lost the case. 




PART V. EXPEDIENTS. 


123 


138. READING EXERCISE. 




o 


c? 


y 


r 




Z 


i y ^^ 

—7 o/ & . ^ 


J, -C 




r 




/sc 
S ' ^ 






<? 




a °t 

x 


V 








9 


y 


yy* i i 

s 








124 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


OMISSION EXPEDIENT 


SECTION 23 

OMISSION OF VOWELS. 

139. In some words, the omission of vowels 
may be advantageous. While this is left to the 
judgment of the writer, the suggestions below 
will be of assistance. 

139a. In words where two vowels not form¬ 
ing a pure diphthong come together, the minor 
vowel may be omitted, in the following manner: 

royal radius t, 

appear deity ^ 

due __ streak >—^ 


139 b. U appearing before N, M, NT, ND, 
NK, or NG in the body of a word, may be 
omitted, in the following manner: 


pungent —"tl 

sunk z 


gun 


column 


139c. The vowels in BE, RE, or DE may be 
omitted when by doing so a better outline can 
be obtained. The vowel in the syllable “bar” 
may also be omitted. 


beneath 

9 

begun 


recede 

— 

review 


debar 


behalf 

/ 

begrudge 

^7 

debase 

-7 



PART V. EXPEDIENTS. 


125 


139(/. Sometimes a vowel or diphthong may¬ 
be omitted between two reversed curves in the 
following manner: 


run „__ 

inner 

- . 

winner 

manner 

- _ . 

brown 

drudge 

7 * 

again ^— 

finer 



139c. In some words a vowel or diphthong 
may be omitted between B, J, F, or V and an 
upward or horizontal character, in the follow¬ 
ing manner: 


fun 

L 

found 

L 

betray 


bad 

z. 

jet 

Z 

abet 

z 

rabbit 

T 

Jud 

zl 


139/. When L appears between two vowels 
preceded by S, as in the words salute, select, 
and solicit, omit the first vowel and express the 
initial syllable with the SLoid. 


salute 


solicit 

salutation 

C *-T 

select 

solution 

/6 

Salon 

salary 


saloon 


139 g. The syllables sal or sol may also be 
expressed by the SLoid when the L is followed 
by a consonant or aspirate in the following 
manner : 


sold 


salt 


seldom 


saltless 


126 DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 

139 h. Vowels may often be omitted after 
T, D, ST, SD, R, L, M, or N when followed by 
a downward character, in the following man- 


ner: 




stab 

7 

staff 


fatal 


hostile 

7 

formal 


mental 

—y 

normal 


pistol 



139/. In some words, when R or L appears 
between two vowels and preceded by a blend¬ 
ing consonant, it may be found more convenient 
to omit the first vowel and apply the blending 
principle. When the reversing principle is ap¬ 
plied, the vowel following R or L may be 
omitted. 


(blending) 

decorum 


(reversing) 

colonist 


recall 


coral 


caliber 

colonel 



current 

color 


139/. The vowel in mis, dis or des may also 
be omitted. When followed by a downward 
character, it may be more convenient to retrace 


for S. 



disagree 

— 

discredit 

disable 

~7 

decision 

disfavor 


discussion 

mistake 


misguide 


misquote 


miscount 





PART V. EXPEDIENTS. 


127 


139/r. When more convenient, the vowel 
may be omitted when preceding a final aspirate 
or consonant. 


rose w 

omelet 

^—1 

roses 

civilized 

y 

copies 

artifice 

> 

cornice -— 

justice 



139/. In words beginning with EX followed 
by soft C or S, omit soft C or S and insert the 
following vowel. H may also be omitted in 
such words as exhume. 


excite 

<h- 

exert 


except 


exhale 

</ 

exhume 


exhibit 

/ 


140. WRITING DRILL. 

It appears on the face of the note to have been 
due last month. It took only one column in the 
newspaper to report the Convention. The president 
of the company is paid a high salary. To solicit busi¬ 
ness in the proper way is the solution of the success 
problem. The miner sold his salt for a higher price 
than is seldom received. 


141. SIMPLE BUSINESS PHRASES. 

(See 51a) 


Fours respectfully <3* 

Very respectfully J- 

Very respectfully / 
yours 


We are in re- >—- 
ceipt 

We are in re- 
ceipt of your '^7 
favor 


I am in receipt 
of your favor 


I am in receipt ^ s 

Your letter of the n 
8th inst. 


I am in receipt 
of your 
letter 

I am in receipt 
of your favor 
of the 7th 
inst. 




128 


DESHA TANGENT SHORTHAND. 


141 a. READING EXERCISE. 


' <A> ■—i cr 


s 






¥ 




so 


s • ^ 


-^1 


kD 


o> 


' >- T' 


/ 


Gv> o/ 




<?4» 


"/ * Vo 








fiD 


da 


C7"\ c. 







OCT 8 1912 






































vv 

<£> ^ o 

■>* Jr % ° 

«*.**•♦ *b *y o°*°* 

t ^u, O <^> .ViSNfX <► *£ 


? * A q. 

' S 4? *<' 

* «> ^ 

< v °^> * ° “ 0 




v *vala o 


'P. * 

* Av & * 

V v 5 

* A * ^ * 

^ v 4 v v' o» 

O "o . » * A ** 

'P A V. 

o «sS t 0 0 « <*A 

* O A . C ^Nx * *P 





V 


'X 


o V 


AvO ri» •* 

*° ... A *•’ A 

a 



<£-’ 


0 « y * ®- S> V «. 



* « I 1 

\* °' V N s s 

O <$> <* / 

* ^ 

• ^ V 

A f *y A. 

4" ^ ^ * • * ’ 4 0 O ° • * 

^ f 0* *••’*/• o 

\ t c^n\\\T\^ j* -V v* * , 

* 'tu A ^ 



!>° 



4 °^ 


0' e * * <A V’ A - * 


' <?- 

* K 

<* • 

v « * • 

° ^ A * v 

o O 

4 . _ rx ^» AV 

A V-\ -* o a ^ * 

» °." l/ ^ y ^v v /* ^ '^Se. * V s yf & o 

O 'o . » <* A •*V7^*V /*^* *, 

A- A \ A* ' • • * <0 O, ° • * 

O G 0 “ ° * <*> rA - t ' * ^ 

O • ^-A'cv . <► *P t 



>P A 




o 





>» 4? -<> 

„ / «> O A 

v * °- A> V s 5 **' O . * • *> 

a x ♦ /*> ♦ 






4 V A 














'Xj 

K 


,« v o -, ; „» o- 

.O’ ^ v N <vv cv , 9 * 

♦>Va" ^ v* .yKg*..' -* 


V*V " 

* -SW- 1 «r % 

^ ■'••*' . 6 ^ ° 'o . , ^ \ / 

*** ^ .0* *b *' ■- " 


< V-^ 

** ** 



^"V” *** 0 

DOBBS BROS. 

LIBRARY BINDING v<\ 


-CT 72 °o 

o "£* 

ST. AUGUSTINE »/* %p -a 

_. A \ . ^ „<V 

fla. '1=3 'vP . 

APS 


W3?nfl4 







